Topic guide
Discover publications on data centre energy consumption, power demand and efficiency. Investigate measurement methods, operating conditions and improvement approaches through summaries and original references.
169–192 / 416
Open Compute Project Foundation 2019
In the monitoring/BMS design module, include a telemetry point list that pulls IT power (Redfish/IPMI) alongside facility meters.
Vertiv 2020
Use hourly climate data (dry-bulb and wet-bulb) in cooling selection to estimate IEC mode hours.
ISO/IEC 2021
At project setup, offer ISO/IEC 22237 alongside EN 50600 as a selectable standard profile.
ISO/IEC 2016
In the metrics module, define a single KPI boundary object (site boundary, measurement points, reporting period) reused by the PUE, REF, ERF, CER, CUE and WUE calculators.
ISO/IEC 2016
In the sustainability module, show REF on a 0-1 scale next to PUE and CUE.
ISO/IEC 2017
Add optional server benchmark fields (performance score and power at max) to the rack/IT catalogue so the tool can aggregate a fleet ITEEsv per hall.
ISO/IEC 2017
In the operations dashboard, compute ITEUsv only for CPU-centric servers.
ISO/IEC 2026
Build the PUE calculator to the 2026 edition: annual energy basis and a metering category tag on every result.
ISO/IEC 2021
In a heat-reuse calculator, compute ERF as exported heat, metered at the boundary heat exchanger, divided by total facility energy, on a range of 0 to 1.
ISO/IEC 2023
In the cooling module, report CER from the hourly model as heat removed (kWh_th) divided by cooling-system electricity (kWh_e).
ISO/IEC 2022
In the sustainability module, compute CUE as annual CO2 from energy used (grid emission factor x grid kWh + on-site fuel emissions) divided by IT kWh.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2026
Compute PCE automatically from the design model: utility/transformer capacity as P_facility, peak cooling electrical input at design ambient, UPS/transformer/busway losses and auxiliary panel loads, all on the declared redundancy basis.
Uptime Institute Journal (Uptime Institute) 2019
In a PUE benchmark display, show the survey average next to the hyperscale range.
ASHRAE 2016
Link IT equipment airflow and thermal characteristics in the catalog to facility cooling selection.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Center of Expertise for Energy Efficiency in Data Centers 2023
In IT-refresh scenarios, propagate savings through cooling losses, power losses and water (WUE), as the DOE tool suite does.
Türk Tesisat Mühendisleri Derneği (TTMD) - TTMD Dergisi 2025
Use this case as a reference point for air-cooled, outside-air-assisted designs (PUE 1.2; MLC 0.117 in zone 3A).
STULZ 2024
Model the per-rack heat split (liquid %/air %); it drives both CDU and CRAH sizing.
International Energy Agency 2026
For on-site generation sizing, when users choose islanded or behind-the-meter gas, apply an N+x overbuild check (30-70% above load per IEA) and model BESS for AI power swings.
TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası (MMO) 2009
Use the paper's mode thresholds (approach of about 2 C for partial and about 5 C for full free cooling) as defaults in a free-cooling-hours estimator, fed by city bin data for Turkish sites.
Proceedings of the 22nd International Middleware Conference (ACM) 2021
For carbon and sustainability reporting, use hourly (not annual average) grid carbon-intensity profiles per region.
STULZ 2025
In the CDU selection tool let users trade approach temperature against heat-exchanger area and TCS delta-T, with Cases 1-3 as validation fixtures.
STULZ 2026
In the liquid-cooling module size TCS flow at about 1.5 L/min/kW by default and store CDU approach temperature and external static pressure.
International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2024) 2024
In AI data-centre carbon estimation, compute operational (FLOPs, power, PUE, grid intensity) and embodied (chip area × CPA, memory and storage per GB) carbon together; in a renewable-powered facility embodied carbon rises to 92-95%.
Buildings (MDPI AG) 2026
In IEC control, stage airflow to follow load rate and spray to follow room temperature, and prefer a low fresh/return air ratio.
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