Topic guide
Browse references on airflow management, aisle arrangements and rack inlet conditions. Investigate cooling distribution and air mixing alongside the measurement methods and modelling assumptions reported by each source.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ENERGY STAR) 2026
Map each measure to an efficiency-check rule: missing containment, UPS in double-conversion only, no economizer, and so on.
ASHRAE 2015
Support both W/m2 and kW/rack modes in early-stage load entry.
European Commission JRC 2017
Store the best practice edition and version against each design so the compliance checker evaluates practices from the edition in force at design date (8.1.0 for 2017 projects).
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ENERGY STAR) 2026
Map each measure to an efficiency-check rule: missing containment, UPS in double-conversion only, no economizer, and so on.
ASHRAE 2015
Support both W/m2 and kW/rack modes in early-stage load entry.
European Commission JRC 2017
Store the best practice edition and version against each design so the compliance checker evaluates practices from the edition in force at design date (8.1.0 for 2017 projects).
European Commission JRC 2018
Keep the 2018 edition practices as a selectable compliance baseline for projects designed in 2018.
ASHRAE 2019
Cite cooling design rules in an edition-aware way, distinguishing the 2019 and 2023 Handbook editions.
ASHRAE 2021
Store class limits (A1-A4, B, C, H1) as data, with altitude derating functions and the coupon-dependent rh upper limit, in the rule engine.
Upsite Technologies blog 2014
Compute CCF for each room from running cooling capacity and IT load and show it as a KPI, with a warning when it is high (oversupply).
ASHRAE (ASHRAE Transactions Vol. 131 Pt. 2) 2025
Chilled-water CRAH/fan-wall catalogue items should store rated capacity with its rating conditions (EWT, return air temperature, airflow, water flow).
Energies (MDPI AG) 2020
In high-density HAC halls, prefer a raised floor to hard-floor supply; on a hard floor high-velocity jets can starve the racks nearest the CRAHs and draw hot air back into them.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2025
For high-heat-flux chips, weigh the pump-power increase of complex microchannel cold-plate geometry against the thermal-resistance gain (for example 11.8%).
Vertiv 2020
In the cooling-unit catalog record compressor modulation type (fixed staged, digital, inverter), fan type (EC/AC/VFD), valve type (EEV/TXV, PICV) and control mode (supply or return air).
arXiv preprint (Cadence Design Systems) 2026
For layout iteration and add-load what-ifs, a surrogate that predicts only cabinet-inlet temperature (the compliance quantity) is cheaper and more accurate than full-field surrogates.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2011
When users select airside economization, show a contamination note and suggest coupon monitoring rather than ruling the option out.
Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2022
In the layout checker, flag rows not in hot/cold aisle orientation and missing blanking panels.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2016
In small-room projects, present air management in the airflow module as a package: containment, blanking and fan speed control.
Upsite Technologies blog 2017
Include server fan power rising with inlet temperature in the cooling energy tool (for example about +13% from 68 to 104 F for A3) so set-point optimisation minimises total energy, not PUE.
Upsite Technologies blog 2021
In layout rules, allow perforated tiles only in cold aisles.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2018
In airside economiser design, plan exhaust grilles and the building envelope so recirculation stays below 5%; 15% recirculation raised energy about 6.1% for direct and 9% for indirect.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2023
For an operational thermal twin, define adequate sensor density covering supply, return, cold-aisle and hot-aisle temperatures and equipment power (728 points at 15-minute sampling in this study).
Schneider Electric 2011
In layout validation, raise an error when adjacent rows of front-to-back equipment face the same direction, and a warning for perforated tiles or supply diffusers in a hot aisle.
Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences (Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences) 2026
Do thermal verification of failure mode (two ACUs offline) with realistic air leakage (cabinet gaps, HAC panel joints); a leak-free model can comply while the leaky model exceeds 32 °C.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2022
When modelling a server as a porous block in room-scale CFD, use Darcy-Forchheimer coefficients fitted to a resolved pressure-drop curve rather than generic assumptions such as porosity 0.5.
Uptime Institute Journal 2014
For in-row and RDHx designs, evaluate cooling redundancy per aisle or row, not per room, and check unit throw distance to the farthest rack under N-1.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2019
In airflow assessment do not rely on RCI alone; RCI of 100% coexisted with RTI of 40-50%, showing oversupply and bypass. Report RTI and per-rack Capture Index together.
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