Topic guide
Explore technical publications on data centre cooling systems, thermal loads and operating conditions. Review air and liquid approaches, energy use and operational requirements within each source’s scope.
Türk Standardları Enstitüsü (TSE) Year not stated
Keep the cabling class selector separate, and document the reason whenever it is chosen lower than the power class.
Energy Efficient HPC Working Group / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2011
Implement this stack-up as a design check: from the site's 99.6% design wet and dry bulb plus per-component approaches, compute the achievable chiller-less supply temperature.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ENERGY STAR) 2026
Map each measure to an efficiency-check rule: missing containment, UPS in double-conversion only, no economizer, and so on.
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Türk Standardları Enstitüsü (TSE) Year not stated
Keep the cabling class selector separate, and document the reason whenever it is chosen lower than the power class.
Energy Efficient HPC Working Group / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2011
Implement this stack-up as a design check: from the site's 99.6% design wet and dry bulb plus per-component approaches, compute the achievable chiller-less supply temperature.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ENERGY STAR) 2026
Map each measure to an efficiency-check rule: missing containment, UPS in double-conversion only, no economizer, and so on.
ASHRAE 2011
Take corrosion-coupon classification as a site air-quality input; it drives humidity limits and filtration recommendations.
ASHRAE (announcement via HPAC Engineering) 2011
In liquid-cooling design, tag facility water loops by W-class, noting that later editions may rename or revise them.
ASHRAE 2015
Support both W/m2 and kW/rack modes in early-stage load entry.
European Commission JRC 2017
Store the best practice edition and version against each design so the compliance checker evaluates practices from the edition in force at design date (8.1.0 for 2017 projects).
European Commission JRC 2018
Keep the 2018 edition practices as a selectable compliance baseline for projects designed in 2018.
ASHRAE 2019
Cite cooling design rules in an edition-aware way, distinguishing the 2019 and 2023 Handbook editions.
ASHRAE 2021
Store class limits (A1-A4, B, C, H1) as data, with altitude derating functions and the coupon-dependent rh upper limit, in the rule engine.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2024
Default the liquid cooling design wizard to an S30 (30 C) TCS supply with a 6 C CDU approach (24 C FWS) and 1.5 LPM per kW.
Upsite Technologies blog 2014
Compute CCF for each room from running cooling capacity and IT load and show it as a KPI, with a warning when it is high (oversupply).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ENERGY STAR) 2026
Use as quick-win recommendations in the operations module for small facilities.
arXiv preprint (National University of Singapore) 2025
For an operations or digital-twin module, use the feature list as a practical minimum sensor set for PUE prediction: outdoor dry/wet-bulb, IT power, UPS power, CRAC power/capacity/SCOP, coil temperatures and airflow.
ASHRAE (ASHRAE Transactions Vol. 131 Pt. 2) 2025
Chilled-water CRAH/fan-wall catalogue items should store rated capacity with its rating conditions (EWT, return air temperature, airflow, water flow).
Energies (MDPI AG) 2020
In high-density HAC halls, prefer a raised floor to hard-floor supply; on a hard floor high-velocity jets can starve the racks nearest the CRAHs and draw hot air back into them.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2025
For high-heat-flux chips, weigh the pump-power increase of complex microchannel cold-plate geometry against the thermal-resistance gain (for example 11.8%).
Fluids (MDPI AG) 2026
Set WUE targets from the heat-rejection topology (dry, free-cooling, hybrid, evaporative) and not only the server-side cooling technology; WUE depends on the share of heat rejected by evaporation.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2021
In a central plant without a WSE, raise the chilled-water supply setpoint to about 11 °C; at 15-17 °C, CRAH fan energy increased total energy.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2021
Give rear-door HX catalog entries rated kW, fan power, coolant inlet temperature, flow, pressure drop and active/passive type.
Vertiv 2020
In the cooling-unit catalog record compressor modulation type (fixed staged, digital, inverter), fan type (EC/AC/VFD), valve type (EEV/TXV, PICV) and control mode (supply or return air).
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2011
When users select airside economization, show a contamination note and suggest coupon monitoring rather than ruling the option out.
Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2022
In the layout checker, flag rows not in hot/cold aisle orientation and missing blanking panels.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2016
In small-room projects, present air management in the airflow module as a package: containment, blanking and fan speed control.
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