Topic guide
Browse references on airflow management, aisle arrangements and rack inlet conditions. Investigate cooling distribution and air mixing alongside the measurement methods and modelling assumptions reported by each source.
25–48 / 118
Energies (MDPI AG) 2023
In hybrid-cooled racks, represent a cold-plate server as a compact model in room-scale CFD: model the share of CPU heat going to the cold plate (~97%) and the residual escaping to air separately.
Energy (Elsevier BV) 2020
When comparing room, row and rack cooling architectures, report chiller, airspace and heat-exchanger losses separately.
Schneider Electric 2014
Use these coefficients as the default room heat-load method and compare the result against the lower of CRAC sensible capacity and heat-rejection capacity.
Entropy (MDPI AG) 2019
Use in the design rationale that aisle containment cut air-side entropy generation to negligible levels (0.15% and 0.03%), against 34% for an uncontained legacy room.
Schneider Electric 2011
Add an airflowPattern field to the equipment catalogue (front_to_back, back_to_front, side_to_side, side_to_back) and fill it in for switches and routers first.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory / U.S. Department of Energy 2017
Offer a 'quick' airflow-management estimate mode with few inputs, consistent with the DOE AM Tool engine already in the library (engineering reference v3).
Upsite Technologies blog 2019
When high-temperature (A2/A3 allowable) set points are selected, report hot-hour and mechanical-cooling percentages from site weather.
Uptime Institute Journal 2014
When only perimeter CRAC/CRAH cooling is selected, warn above about 6 kW average per cabinet and require row, rack or liquid cooling for 20 kW and above.
Schneider Electric 2015
Run the layout engine on a 600 mm / 2 ft grid with row-pair pitch presets A-D (14/16/16/18 ft), auto-selected from raised-floor, rear-door accessory, containment and density inputs.
Eaton 2013
Allow UPS placement in the white space with an airflow-pattern attribute (front-to-back, front-to-top) and count its heat release in the hall cooling load.
AECOM 2014
Provide a PUE build-up chart by subsystem (chillers, fans, pumps, UPS, lighting, transformers) for existing-site audits.
ASHRAE 2009
Use as a general reference for the HVAC design-basis checklist: criteria, loads, distribution.
Frontiers in Built Environment (Frontiers Media SA) 2024
Make aisle containment the default in raised-floor or in-row cooling: containment raised ASE from 65.69% to 85.57-90.25% and brought SHI close to zero.
Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2025
Set up the retrofit workflow as KPI-guided: with a validated CFD model compute RCI, RHI, RTI and the recirculation index, then test rack repositioning, separators, sealing unused bays and removing badly placed ventilation units in sequence.
U.S. DOE Federal Energy Management Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2013
Use the package cost/kW and payback ranges as defaults in the retrofit measure library (air management, generator block heater controls, chilled-water plant).
Legrand 2024
In the layout tool, auto-place temperature/humidity sensors at least every fourth cabinet or every 3-9 m of aisle, at inlet heights including about 1.5 m, and flag aisles with none.
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (Tech Science Press) 2026
Before adding servers to an existing hall, measure the local thermal environment of the target rack in place with server simulators and score it with IOM; RCI, SHI or RTI average away within-rack non-uniformity.
Buildings (MDPI AG) 2024
Choose raised-floor height of 600-800 mm and grille open area of about 40%; a 1000 mm floor gave only a small extra gain, and 20% or 60% open area pushed cabinet intake above 27 °C.
Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)) 2025
Offer a fast-preview thermal mode with a voxel surrogate trained on the tool's own CFD runs: inputs of rack power by segment, CRAH setpoints, fan speeds and vent locations; output a 3D inlet-temperature map in under a second for layout iteration.
STULZ 2015
Model the cooling-topology choice with five options (direct air, indirect plate, thermal wheel, CRAC with glycol dry cooler, CRAH with chiller economiser), each with a footprint multiplier and an economiser start condition.
ASHRAE 2019
Warn when high inlet temperatures (driving fan speed-up) are combined with HDD-heavy storage racks.
TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası (MMO) - Tesisat Mühendisliği Dergisi 2025
Provide a cooling-topology picker (room, row, rack, economiser direct/indirect) with Turkish labels.
ASHRAE 2008
Use it as the source of reference layouts for high-density air-cooling templates.
Schneider Electric 2020
Add rack catalog fields: form, width, depth, height in U, static and dynamic load, UL 2416 and ISTA 3E flags, door perforation.
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