Write MAWP with at least 3x burst pressure, the 17-65 C operating and -40 to 75 C shipping ranges and the 1.5 m/s velocity limit into the manifold specification; because the range is based on ASHRAE W45, ask suppliers for a higher rating if a warmer-water strategy is planned.
Shelf life is 5 years and service life is 10 years.
Fix the ESS architecture (DC or AC coupled, distributed or centralised, backup-only or grid-interactive), write the applicable NFPA 70, NFPA 855 and IEC 62933 parts into the design basis, and consult the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) early.
FM Global DS 5-33 (as cited) recommends battery installations in rooms with at least a 2-hour fire rating.
Choose cooling architecture against target rack power and each method's usable envelope: a 45 kW air ceiling (60-80 kW with rear doors), 120-250 kW class cold-plate racks, and the paper's anchor values for announced 600 kW-class racks.
Practical air-cooled rack ceiling is taken as 45 kW, extendable to about 60-80 kW with rear-door heat exchangers.
In the water module, compute WUE_site = annual make-up + humidification water (L) / IT kWh from the hourly cooling model (evaporation ~ heat rejected, cycles of concentration for blowdown).
Make the default PUE output an annual energy-based PUE from an hourly (8760) simulation, labelled with its measurement level (design estimate: 'L3-equivalent model').
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