Topic guide
Explore publications on PUE and other data centre performance indicators. Before using a metric for comparison or design decisions, check its measurement boundaries, calculation method and required inputs against the original reference.
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The Green Grid 2008
In the metrics panel, compute PUE = total facility energy / IT energy and optionally show DCiE = 100/PUE for legacy reports.
The Green Grid 2014
In the layout module, report space metrics (IT kW per m2 of white space, racks per m2, white-space ratio) next to PUE/WUE as a SpUE-style indicator.
The Green Grid 2014
In a sustainability scorecard, group indicators into impact categories.
The Green Grid 2015
At project setup, let users tag a facility with a workload archetype (for example HPC/AI, enterprise, cloud, storage).
The Green Grid 2016
In airflow/CFD results, report thermal conformance (share of IT inlets within the recommended range) alongside PUE.
The Green Grid 2017
Add an optional IT-capacity panel: store compute, storage and network capacity and average utilisation per hall.
The Green Grid 2017
In capacity planning, track ITE power utilisation (actual versus provisioned) per rack and hall.
The Green Grid 2023
For EED reporting, prepare to compute work capacity from SERT-derived values (see WP#94).
The Green Grid 2024
In the EED reporting export, include a Cserv field computed from PerfCPU per server SKU.
The Green Grid 2025
In the server catalogue, add CPU SKU and PerfCPU fields.
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 2025
Do not present facility PUE as the whole efficiency story: add an optional server-overhead factor (sPUE) to the energy model and show an 'effective PUE' = PUE x sPUE next to PUE.
Schneider Electric 2025
In the sustainability panel compute operational CO2e = IT MWh x PUE x grid EF, with a grid-EF catalog by country/region (default US 454 kg CO2e/MWh incl. upstream) and a renewable-PPA toggle.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2024
Take AI rack and node power assumptions (3.4 to 12.2 kW per 8-GPU server, 20% idle) as a cross-check on IT load models, not as a substitute for vendor data.
European Commission JRC 2025
Design the facility to operate within the ASHRAE Class A2 allowable range and require A2 operation within warranty in IT procurement; plan separate environmental zones (practice 5.3.4) for legacy equipment.
European Commission, DG Energy 2025
Compare your design PUE target with the real EU spread: 1.21 on average above 10 MW, 1.55 at 1-2 MW; set a realistic bound for your facility size.
Schneider Electric 2025
In the energy dashboard, show IT-side levers (utilization, accelerated computing) next to facility PUE.
U.S. DOE FEMP / NREL 2024
Weigh the supply air setpoint against server fan energy: raise it in small steps within the ASHRAE recommended range so the most demanding inlet nears 80 °F, only after air management is in place, and control to IT inlet temperature rather than return temperature.
BRE Global 2019
Metering rule: if projected PUE is below 1.2 require IT-level (PUE3) metering; at 1.2-1.5 require at least PDU-output (PUE2); otherwise UPS-output (PUE1) is acceptable.
European Commission (Official Journal of the European Union) 2024
Build the metering architecture to the regulation: meters on every supply input for total energy (grid and back-up generator separately) and at every UPS output for IT energy, with a system that retains measurement point and device records for at least 10 years.
U.S. DOE FEMP 2025
For a small data center or server room, write metering, air management and monitoring requirements into the specification from the start, given that energy management in this class tends to be poor.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2014
Borrow the metric set (PUE, intake temperature and humidity, RTI, cooling efficiency, airflow efficiency, distribution efficiency) as the minimum list of measurements a monitoring design must support.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2024
Build the metering plan so that PUE can be reported at the highest category possible, with IT load measured at PDU or equipment input rather than the UPS output where feasible.
U.S. DOE Better Buildings / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2017
At a stand-alone site, design meters that record energy (kWh) at the utility entrance and at the UPS output (or at panels serving only IT if there is no UPS); a UPS display that shows only power (kW) is not enough.
European Commission JRC 2020
Ask in the specification for a designed PUE (dPUE) at a stated IT load (for example 50%) and conditions, under ISO/IEC 30134-2 or EN 50600-4-2, and write PUE demonstration at handover and the commissioning test into the contract.
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