White paperCitation
The Green Grid 2012
WP#48 - Evaluation of Eco Mode in Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems
In the UPS module, model double-conversion and Eco/ESS modes with separate efficiency curves.
- Related standard: IEC 62040-3.
Topic guide
Electrical
Explore publications on data centre electrical infrastructure, from power distribution and protection to supply architectures and capacity planning. Compare technical summaries, publication details and links to the original references.
- Sources
- 358
- Downloadable PDFs
- 74
- Years
- 1984–2027
All sources
265–288 / 358
White paperCitation
The Green Grid 2012
WP#51 - Power Equipment and Data Center Design
In phased-build planning, support staged UPS and generator modules with efficiency at each load step.
- The guide is dated 15 November 2012; editors are David Loucks (Eaton) and Stephen McCluer (Schneider).
White paperCitation
The Green Grid 2013
WP#55 - Data Center Power System Harmonics
Compare THDi and THDv against IEEE 519 limits at the PCC rather than demanding near-zero values.
- White paper dated 15 October 2013.
White paperCitation
The Green Grid 2015
WP#63 - Free Power Quality
Offer a reduced-conversion topology scenario.
- Dated 13 March 2015.
White paperCitation
The Green Grid 2016
WP#67 - Modern Assessment of the Susceptibility of Data Center ICT Equipment to Power Outages and Disturbances
Store PSU ride-through (ms) as a catalog field for IT equipment.
- The paper is dated 30 March 2016.
White paperCitation
The Green Grid 2016
WP#69 - The Importance of Ride-through Testing Data
Catalog the ride-through time per PSU.
- Dated 15 November 2016.
White paperCitation
The Green Grid 2022
WP#85 - 230V Enterprise PSU Market-Ready Efficiency Study
For EU sites, default server PSU efficiency to the Lot 9 (Regulation (EU) 2019/424) minimum.
- Scope is 230 V enterprise power supply units.
White paperCitation
The Green Grid 2023
WP#89 - 480/277V AC-DC Power Supplies: A Study of Emerging Trends
Add a 480Y/277 V-to-rack option with 277 V PSUs and no PDU transformer to the electrical topology library.
- Related references: NEC (NFPA 70), OCP Open Rack; registration required.
White paperFree to read
Schneider Electric 2026
5 Principles for 800 VDC in AI Data Centers: Rack-level Architectures as the Immediate Enabler
Add a distribution architecture option for AI halls: AC 415/240, 48 VDC busbar, 800 VDC sidecar, 800 VDC centralized.
- 800 VDC targets 400 kW to well over 1 MW per rack.
White paperFree to read
Schneider Electric 2026
Accelerating AI Data Center Deployment with Software-Defined Medium-Voltage Switchgear
In the schedule estimator, default MV switchgear lead time to about 26-32 weeks (ETO)
- 85 percent less copper
StandardFree to read
BICSI 2024
ANSI/BICSI 002-2024, Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices (overview page)
Offer BICSI classes as an alternate standards profile alongside Uptime/TIA/EN, with an F1~Tier I/Rated-1/Class 1 ... F4~Tier IV/Rated-4/Class 4 table labelled 'conceptual equivalence only'
- A 2010 draft used F0-F5; current editions use F0-F4
StandardFree to read
Telecommunications Industry Association 2024
ANSI/TIA-942 Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers — TIA overview page
In a 'TIA-942' standards profile, let users pick a rating per discipline (for example electrical Rated-3, mechanical Rated-3, telecom Rated-2)
- 'Tier' terminology replaced by 'Rated 1-4' after an agreement with Uptime; the schemes are not interchangeable
Technical guideFree to read
Eaton 2016
Best Practices for Modernizing Vintage Data Centers
Add a designLifeYears catalog parameter per equipment type, default to the range midpoint, and drive a TCO/refresh timeline from it.
- Rack PDU 8-12 yr; power cables 8-20 yr; busway 8-20 yr
Technical guidePDF
U.S. DOE FEMP / NREL 2024
Best Practices Guide for Energy-Efficient Data Center Design (Revised July 2024)
Weigh the supply air setpoint against server fan energy: raise it in small steps within the ASHRAE recommended range so the most demanding inlet nears 80 °F, only after air management is in place, and control to IT inlet temperature rather than return temperature.
- Compute racks reached 60 kW in 2013, and recent liquid-cooled racks exceed 125 kW.
White paperFree to read
Schneider Electric 2013
Calculating Space and Power Density Requirements for Data Centers
Use this paper as the template for the Design Basis form: target average kW per rack, peak kW per rack (default 2x average), density uncertainty (default 15%), managed power ratio (default 0.7) and reserve space (default 15%).
- Example overall target density: 5 kW per cabinet, about 160 W/ft2 (1,722 W/m2).
White paperFree to read
Schneider Electric 2017
Calculating Total Cooling Requirements for Data Centers
Implement as the default heat-load calculator: Q = IT + (0.04 x UPS + 0.05 x IT) + (0.01 x UPS + 0.02 x IT) + 14.32 x area + 100 x people
- UPS heat = 0.04 x UPS rated power + 0.05 x IT load
White paperFree to read
Schneider Electric 2011
Calculating Total Power Requirements for Data Centers
Use it as a quick-sizing calculator in novice mode: take IT kW, future kW, floor area, cooling type and UPS input type, and output service kW/A and generator kW, with the multipliers as editable defaults.
- Actual IT power is roughly nameplate VA x 0.67.
Technical guidePDF
Open Compute Project Foundation 2020
Colocation Facility Guidelines for Deployment of Open Racks, Revision 4.0 (15 December 2020)
Check the delivery route against rack height plus 0.5 m, door and corridor widths, and the lift capacity, before agreeing to host or design for Open Racks.
- Maximum rack density is at least 8 kW (Acceptable) or 12 kW (Optimum); cold aisle width is at least 1,200 mm or 1,500 mm.
White paperFree to read
Schneider Electric 2011
Comparing Availability of Various Rack Power Redundancy Configurations
When topology is 2N but some loads are single-corded, require a rack ATS per single-corded device by default.
- The model assumes a 4-hour mean time to repair for the UPS.
White paperFree to read
Schneider Electric 2016
Comparing UPS System Design Configurations
Offer N, isolated redundant, N+1, distributed redundant (catcher/STS), tri-redundant, 2N and 2(N+1) in the topology library, and label availability values as comparative rather than absolute.
- N+1 module loading for a 240 kW load: 2x240 kW 50%; 3x120 66%; 4x80 75%; 5x60 80%.
White paperFree to read
Schneider Electric 2022
Comparison of Neutral Wire Distribution Options for Data Centers
In the single-line builder, raise a warning when the transfer switch has 4 poles and the UPS neutral is not separately derived.
- PEN conductor transient example: 25 µH x 100 A / 5 µs is about 500 V induced.
Technical guideFree to read
Vertiv 2017
Considerations for a Highly Available Intelligent Rack Power Distribution Unit
In A/B (2N) racks keep each feed's design load at or below rating x 0.8 (80%-rated breaker) x 0.5; for single phase usable kW = V x I x 0.8 x 0.5.
- Common outlets IEC 60320 C13/C19, up to 250 V
White paperFree to read
Schneider Electric 2026
Cybersecurity Guidance for Data Center Power and Cooling Infrastructure Systems
Add an OT-network section to the design: each monitored device class carries a protocol list and an IEC 62443 certification flag.
- Vulnerability handling should follow ISO/IEC 30111.
Technical guidePDF
Open Compute Project Foundation 2026
Interface Specification Between Hyperscalers and Utility Grid for Disturbance Performance (Version 1.0.0)
For a new site, write the POI LVRT/HVRT envelope and the PFAPR requirement (90% within 2 s) as design criteria, and settle which voltage measurement (line-to-neutral or line-to-line) governs during protection coordination with the utility.
- In ERCOT NOGRR 282, cooling load is subtracted from the pre-fault load used to judge PFAPR.
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