Topic guide
Find publications on direct-to-chip cooling, immersion and liquid loops. Investigate temperature conditions, facility interfaces and maintenance requirements for high-density data centre designs.
25–48 / 153
Data Center Knowledge 2024
When a user places GPU servers in a rack, compute kW from server count and warn if the rack budget is exceeded (e.g. one DGX H100 = 10.2 kW).
Danfoss 2026
In the cooling-plant builder keep a component list per subsystem (chiller, CDU, pump skid, heat recovery) with fields for maximum chilled-water temperature, HX approach temperature and VFD THDi.
Turner & Townsend 2025
Seed the cost module with regional US$/W benchmarks by market and year, with an AI/liquid-cooled premium factor (7-10% default for the US).
Turner & Townsend 2026
In the cost module, provide a country and city $/W construction rate table and state the edition year.
Bryden Wood 2026
Warn when high-density liquid-cooled racks are placed on upper floors without a matching structural floor-load rating.
Uptime Institute Journal (Uptime Institute) 2025
Define AI rack presets at about 130, 85, 50, 26 and under 20 kW, each with its liquid versus air cooling split.
ASME (Digital Infrastructure column) 2026
Default CDUs to N+1 per row or pod.
Vertiv 2022
In a retrofit workflow identify zones above about 30 kW/rack and propose rear-door heat exchanger or direct liquid cooling options.
Frontiers in Energy Research (Frontiers Media SA) 2022
For loads of 50 kW per rack and above, evaluate a hybrid cold-plate scheme (main loads on cold plates, remaining heat in air) for a PUE target below 1.2.
Cundall 2021
Allow server fan power to be entered as a fraction of IT load and compute TUE alongside PUE.
Uptime Institute Journal (Uptime Institute) 2021
When comparing air and DLC options, report total facility energy and IT energy, not PUE alone.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
Record approach temperature difference, P-Q curve, fan/pump redundancy and coil material in rear-door and sidecar catalogue items.
Data Center Frontier 2026
Provide a waterless closed-loop heat rejection option with WUE of about 0 and its PUE trade-off.
Applied Sciences (MDPI AG) 2025
When connecting waste heat to DH, fix the DH generation early: for 5G and 4G direct heat-exchanger connection suffices (PUE below 1.6, ERF above 0.85), while 3G needs a high-temperature heat pump (PUE about 2.1, payback about 14 years).
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
In pipe and manifold sizing rules, check coolant velocity against a configurable copper limit, warning above about 1.5 m/s for warm-water loops and at a lower threshold above 60 C.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2023
Build a rear-door HX sizing helper that takes rack kW, airflow (cfm), facility water temperature and liquid-capture fraction and returns approach, leaving air temperature and fan power, with 27 C facility water and 30 C air as default reference points.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2021
In a two-phase immersion tank, set server spacing by power: at least 15 mm at 1000 W and 20 mm at 1500 W for the 85 °C surface limit, and wider for 2000 W and above.
SEMI-THERM 2012
Support in the energy model a dry-cooler-only liquid-cooling topology where cooling overhead is a few percent of IT load.
Burns & McDonnell 2024
For liquid-cooled racks, always keep a residual air-cooling load (default 20-50% of IT, user-adjustable) and size CRAH or fan-wall capacity for it.
IEEE 2023
Include loop connect/disconnect transient tests in commissioning scripts generated for liquid-cooled rows.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2022
Place standard tap-off points with isolation valves, vent/drain/flush connections and strainers at every rack or CDU connection in liquid cooling layouts, sized from Q = flow x delta T x cp so future kW per position is explicit.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
Generate a TCS pre-commissioning test script from the piping model: proof pressure at 1.3-1.5 x design working pressure, minimum flushing flow per pipe size at 3-5 ft/s, and sequential leg isolation.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2026
Apply refrigerant-specific rules to two-phase DLC designs in place of water-loop rules: GWP below 700, A1 safety class, and vapour/liquid line sizing with under 0.2 bar evaporator-to-condenser loss.
National Laboratory of the Rockies (formerly NREL) 2026
Model heat rejection as a priority chain (reuse, dry cooler, evaporative tower) with hourly switching.
All content and rights belong to the respective authors and publishers. SoSo CAD provides only the citation, its own summary and a link to the source, and is not responsible for the sources' content.
Monthly newsletter · free
Once a month: new library sources, changes to Turkish regulations and upcoming data centre events.
