Topic guide
Explore publications on PUE and other data centre performance indicators. Before using a metric for comparison or design decisions, check its measurement boundaries, calculation method and required inputs against the original reference.
73–96 / 212
U.S. DOE Federal Energy Management Program / Oak Ridge National Laboratory 2010
Place metering points in single-line and chilled-water diagrams according to the site, building, system and end-use levels.
Vertiv 2024
Add a TEWI calculation to cooling options (refrigerant GWP, charge kg, leak rate, life years, grid emission factor).
Schneider Electric 2023
Add tenantId and commercialStatus (open, closed, reserved, internal) to racks, cages and floor zones, with a floor-plan overlay coloured by status and per-zone remaining power, cooling and ports.
Schneider Electric 2026
Give every asset type, serial, rack/U location, network port, explicit A/B power path (rack PDU, UPS, PDU, switchgear) and cooling-unit dependency so the design exports as a DCIM digital twin.
Cundall (for Iceotope Technologies) 2021
Catalogue liquid-cooled IT and CDUs with ASHRAE W-class and supply temperature fields, and use these to decide whether compressor cooling can be omitted for the site climate.
International Energy Agency 2025
Link to the observatory from the tool's energy-context panel and take current national and regional data center demand figures from it rather than hard-coding values.
ISO/IEC 2026
In the reliability module, add a resilience-level calculator that compares alternative power/cooling topologies on maintainability, recoverability and vulnerability.
ISO/IEC 2016
In the metrics module, define a single KPI boundary object (site boundary, measurement points, reporting period) reused by the PUE, REF, ERF, CER, CUE and WUE calculators.
ISO/IEC 2016
In the sustainability module, show REF on a 0-1 scale next to PUE and CUE.
ISO/IEC 2017
Add optional server benchmark fields (performance score and power at max) to the rack/IT catalogue so the tool can aggregate a fleet ITEEsv per hall.
ISO/IEC 2017
In the operations dashboard, compute ITEUsv only for CPU-centric servers.
ISO/IEC 2026
Build the PUE calculator to the 2026 edition: annual energy basis and a metering category tag on every result.
ISO/IEC 2021
In a heat-reuse calculator, compute ERF as exported heat, metered at the boundary heat exchanger, divided by total facility energy, on a range of 0 to 1.
ISO/IEC 2023
In the cooling module, report CER from the hourly model as heat removed (kWh_th) divided by cooling-system electricity (kWh_e).
ISO/IEC 2022
In the sustainability module, compute CUE as annual CO2 from energy used (grid emission factor x grid kWh + on-site fuel emissions) divided by IT kWh.
ISO/IEC 2022
In the water module, derive WUE (L/kWh_IT) from the hourly cooling model (evaporation, blowdown, humidification) and tag it with its measurement category.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2026
Compute PCE automatically from the design model: utility/transformer capacity as P_facility, peak cooling electrical input at design ambient, UPS/transformer/busway losses and auxiliary panel loads, all on the declared redundancy basis.
Cundall 2024
When a user selects a cooling topology, show a three-way comparison of energy (PUE), water (WUE) and carbon (CUE using local grid intensity) for the chosen site.
Uptime Institute Journal (Uptime Institute) 2019
In a PUE benchmark display, show the survey average next to the hyperscale range.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Center of Expertise for Energy Efficiency in Data Centers 2023
In IT-refresh scenarios, propagate savings through cooling losses, power losses and water (WUE), as the DOE tool suite does.
Türk Tesisat Mühendisleri Derneği (TTMD) - TTMD Dergisi 2025
Use this case as a reference point for air-cooled, outside-air-assisted designs (PUE 1.2; MLC 0.117 in zone 3A).
STULZ 2024
Model the per-rack heat split (liquid %/air %); it drives both CDU and CRAH sizing.
International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2024) 2024
In AI data-centre carbon estimation, compute operational (FLOPs, power, PUE, grid intensity) and embodied (chip area × CPA, memory and storage per GB) carbon together; in a renewable-powered facility embodied carbon rises to 92-95%.
arXiv preprint (cs.SE); Skyworkz / Sustainable Digital Infrastructure Alliance (SDIA) 2023
Compute IT carbon as (Es + Eo) × I + M and allocate embodied carbon (M) for shared resources by time and resource share; define scope, idle-time and shared-resource attribution explicitly.
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