Topic guide
Explore publications on PUE and other data centre performance indicators. Before using a metric for comparison or design decisions, check its measurement boundaries, calculation method and required inputs against the original reference.
97–120 / 212
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 2017
In data-centre comparisons, do not use PUE as a cross-facility metric; normalise for IT load, weather and location, or state the same conditions.
Huawei Digital Power 2022
Support CUE, WUE and a heat-reuse fraction next to PUE in reports.
U.S. DOE Federal Energy Management Program / National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2012
Offer indirect evaporative cooling and airside economizer options in the cooling selector with climate-driven hours.
Applied Sciences (MDPI AG) 2025
In retrofitting an existing raised-floor hall, first close unused rack spaces with blanking panels (alone they cut SHI by 42.61%); containment alone gave little benefit.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2025
Verify two-phase immersion PUE claims so they include the external heat-rejection loop (exchangers, pumps, pipes) and not just tank-level power; the 1.01 figure excludes it.
Legrand 2015
In the PDU catalogue keep fields for input (V, A, phases), metering accuracy class and operating temperature rating, using 60 C as the hot-aisle reference.
Sensors (MDPI AG) 2022
In siting, do not use PUE as the only criterion; evaluate it together with electricity cost (tariff) and carbon (CUE, grid mix) estimates derived from PUE, since a low-PUE site may have a high tariff or carbon-intensive grid.
ASHRAE / The Green Grid 2014
In the PUE calculator, support partial PUE and measurement categories.
Legrand 2015
For A/B rack feeds, check that the sum of both feeds' peak load stays below 80 % of one branch breaker (failover check) and warn when only average load is entered.
ASHRAE 2010
In a metering plan generator, define at design stage the meter points needed for PUE category reporting.
Schneider Electric 2024
Structure embodied and operational carbon outputs by the nine categories of Table 2; map bill-of-materials lines to Category 2 subcategories (IT, power, cooling, other) and building materials to Category 1 core and shell.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
Provide a heat-recovery-station block in the site layout with space sized from capacity (plate HX footprint, 10 m2 per MW for heat pumps, about 43 m3 per MW per 30 minutes of storage) and a demarcation boundary to the heat host.
European Commission 2026
Set the PUE target for new designs against the bands in the report (below 1.2 excellent, above 1.5 needs improvement) and possible future minimum-standard thresholds, noting that the 500-1000 kW class averaged 1.64.
European Commission, DG ENER (Viegand Maagoe and COWI) 2023
Add an "in scope of EED Article 12" check that computes installed IT power from nominal IT equipment power and compares it with the final-text 500 kW threshold, not the 100 kW proposed in this report.
European Commission, DG ENER (Viegand Maagoe and COWI) 2023
Add local design limits (Noord-Holland design PUE of at most 1.16, German 27 degree inlet temperature) as configurable warnings rather than hard rules, since some are drafts or local.
European Commission, DG ENER (Viegand Maagoe and COWI) 2023
Plan an "EED report export" in the design and operations model that can pre-fill the EU database template: rated IT kW, floor areas, energy, water, heat reuse and renewable fields.
U.S. DOE Federal Energy Management Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2011
Add a retro-commissioning checklist to the commissioning module: reheat lockout, redundant unit staging and setpoint reset.
ACM/IEEE (SC Conference) 2021
Let designers enter a seasonal cooling mode split (towers vs chiller trim) in energy models rather than a single PUE.
Uptime Institute Intelligence 2023
In the IT load estimator, add utilisation and power-management inputs that affect IT kW.
Joule (Elsevier BV) 2022
Where the tool shows national or global context figures or forecasts, label the method (bottom-up, top-down, extrapolation), the system boundary and the source, and prefer bottom-up or metered data.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
In heat-reuse modelling, allow an adsorption-chiller sink with a minimum drive temperature (around 65 C).
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2022
When combining data-centre cooling and heat recovery for district heating in one heat-pump system, select the refrigerant among low-GWP alternatives with COP, PUE, ERF and payback together.
Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE (Energy Research and Cleantech); preprint on arXiv 2025
Add an IT-side penalty of about 0.3-0.6% of IT power per C of inlet rise above about 23 C (a configurable default) to the setpoint optimiser and energy calculator, and model fan power with the cube of speed.
arXiv preprint 2026
For EU projects, add an EED compliance module that flags facilities of 500 kW and above as reportable.
All content and rights belong to the respective authors and publishers. SoSo CAD provides only the citation, its own summary and a link to the source, and is not responsible for the sources' content.
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