Topic guide

Racks

Explore sources on rack layouts, power density and IT equipment interfaces. Review technical notes to understand how mechanical, electrical and cooling requirements meet at the rack level.

Sources
191
Downloadable PDFs
52
Years
2008–2026

All sources

121–144 / 191

Research paperPDF

Electronics (MDPI AG) 2025

Two-Stage Power Delivery Architecture Using Hybrid Converters for Data Centers and Telecommunication Systems

In rack power-chain efficiency calculations, treat the number of stages and each stage's efficiency as separate inputs, and show the benefit of fewer stages at load points (low and high current).

  • End to end, direct conversion from about 110 VAC to 1 VDC peaked at 84.1% efficiency at 50 A and fell to 73.5% at 160 A.
White paperPDF

Open Compute Project Foundation 2022

White Paper: OCP Ready Data Centers - Program Mission, Methodology, and Case Studies, Revision 1.0 (June 2022)

Offer an 'OCP Ready' compliance profile that checks the delivery path (dock, ramps, door heights), floor load classes (uniform, concentrated, rolling), 3-phase IEC/NEMA rack circuits, hot/cold-aisle containment and generator load-acceptance time relative to BBU autonomy.

  • Design PUE ranges from 1.07 (Hydro66, WUE 0.059 L/kWh) to 1.6 (maincubes AMS01).
White paperFree to read

Rittal 2017

Whitepaper Rittal Liquid Cooling Packages

Catalogue close-coupled coolers by type (inline row, closed-loop rack, rear door, DX rack), rated kW, width, footprint, maximum air delta-T and water/refrigerant inlet temperatures.

  • Hybrid doors come in 10 kW and 20 kW versions and open 130 degrees.
White paperFree to read

Rittal 2014

Whitepaper Rittal PDU international

Keep PDU catalogue fields for phases, input A, max kW, outlet types, ambient rating, metering accuracy, relay type and management protocol (SNMPv3).

  • C14 inlets carry up to 10 A; C20 up to 16 A for large consumers.
White paperFree to read

Schneider Electric 2013

Calculating Space and Power Density Requirements for Data Centers

Use this paper as the template for the Design Basis form: target average kW per rack, peak kW per rack (default 2x average), density uncertainty (default 15%), managed power ratio (default 0.7) and reserve space (default 15%).

  • Example overall target density: 5 kW per cabinet, about 160 W/ft2 (1,722 W/m2).

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