Topic guide
Discover publications on data centre energy consumption, power demand and efficiency. Investigate measurement methods, operating conditions and improvement approaches through summaries and original references.
25–48 / 416
Eaton 2012
Provide a power-chain efficiency calculator by stage (transformer, UPS mode, PDU, PSU) including the effect of the A/B load split.
Schneider Electric 2011
In the power-chain efficiency calculator multiply UPS, transformer/PDU, distribution and PSU efficiencies at the actual load fraction rather than nameplate, and offer architecture presets for the five options with Table 1 values as defaults.
Technology Review for Carbon Neutrality (Tsinghua University Press) 2025
For racks where GPU/accelerator thermal design power exceeds 1,200 W, take liquid cooling as a mandatory design input, and weigh the initial cost (about 1.9-2.2 times air cooling) against TCO (up to 20% lower after 4 years, vendor figure).
Applied Energy (Elsevier BV) 2025
In data-centre carbon accounting, state the method (Tier 1, 2, 3) and factor source (IPCC or national) when choosing a grid emission factor; simple methods can underestimate generation emissions by about 73%.
Vertiv 2020
In the cooling-unit catalog record compressor modulation type (fixed staged, digital, inverter), fan type (EC/AC/VFD), valve type (EEV/TXV, PICV) and control mode (supply or return air).
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2016
In small-room projects, present air management in the airflow module as a package: containment, blanking and fan speed control.
Upsite Technologies blog 2017
Include server fan power rising with inlet temperature in the cooling energy tool (for example about +13% from 68 to 104 F for A3) so set-point optimisation minimises total energy, not PUE.
Cushman & Wakefield 2026
Use as context only: it supports defaulting to large-campus templates in North American projects.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2018
In airside economiser design, plan exhaust grilles and the building envelope so recirculation stays below 5%; 15% recirculation raised energy about 6.1% for direct and 9% for indirect.
Vertiv 2016
Add a pumped-refrigerant economizer DX type to the cooling-option library, with economizer hours modelled as a function of ambient, load fraction and return-air temperature.
European Commission 2026
Translate PUE and WUE targets into A-G classes: class A needs a design PUE of 1.15 or below and WUE of 0.1 or below; the class D boundary is 1.5 and 0.6. Write the class target into the design specification.
ASHRAE 2022
In the compliance calculator, compute annualised MLC and design ELC per segment (UPS, distribution, PDU) and compare them with climate-zone limits.
ASHRAE 2024
Use Book 2 (IT Equipment Power Trends) for default kW-per-rack growth projections.
ASHRAE 2024
Do not hard-code A2 as the minimum class; allow H1/A1 classes for AI racks.
Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2019
Implement the 90.4 MLC and ELC calculators with the correct test load points per UPS redundancy class (N/N+1 vs 2N).
arXiv preprint (cs.AI), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 2026
In fleet or facility energy estimation, use capacity × 8,760 × facility-load coefficient (0.48-0.70, central 0.58) and report the range (67.7-98.6 TWh) explicitly.
Schneider Electric 2011
In layout validation, raise an error when adjacent rows of front-to-back equipment face the same direction, and a warning for perforated tiles or supply diffusers in a hot aisle.
Schneider Electric 2012
In the capacity planner keep design, installed and expected-load curves separate per phase and show utilisation over a 10-year horizon; default start-up load to 20-30% of design and final load to 60-90%.
National Academy of Engineering, The Bridge vol. 56 no. 1 2026
In the heat-reuse calculator, take coolant return temperature as the key input.
Schneider Electric 2026
Offer a delivery-method option per subsystem (stick-built or prefabricated), defaulting to about 88 and 34 weeks with editable phase durations.
TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası (MMO) 2023
In the energy module, when on-site CHP/trigeneration is modelled, report PUE together with source-aware metrics (primary energy, CO2 and optionally exergy-based figures).
T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı 2008
In the building/sustainability module (TR profile), add an NSEB check for buildings of 2,000 m2 and above: target class B and at least 10 percent of primary energy from on-site renewables.
arXiv preprint (cs.SE), Google 2024
In allocating carbon to data-centre users, give idle power to whoever holds the resource allocation and share dynamic power by actual usage; because an idle server draws about 45% of peak power, the idle share is large.
Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2 (ACM) 2023
Add an hourly 24/7 CFE coverage calculator to site and energy design that sizes wind, solar, BESS (in hours of IT load) and server headroom together; use hourly or sub-hourly supply profiles, never daily averages.
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