Topic guide
Explore references on reliability, availability and redundant architectures. Review failure models, maintenance arrangements and system dependencies while keeping the evidence, methods and scope of each publication in view.
73–96 / 255
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
In pipe and manifold sizing rules, check coolant velocity against a configurable copper limit, warning above about 1.5 m/s for warm-water loops and at a lower threshold above 60 C.
Schneider Electric 2017
Export every placed component as a CMMS asset row with the minimum fields, leaving serial number and dates blank for operators.
CBRE Data Centre Solutions (deck hosted on SlideShare by ICT Footprint.eu) 2018
In a pluggable standards module, map EN 50600 availability classes, Uptime Tiers and TIA-942 ratings as separate frameworks rather than equivalents.
Batteries (MDPI AG) 2025
In LFP module design, evaluate inter-cell thermal resistance (interface insulation) together with measures that cut heat release to stop propagation; in the model an interface resistance of hR = 100 W·m^-2·K^-1 alone suppressed it.
Schneider Electric 2014
Add an optional O&M maturity self-assessment to the handover/operate module: 7 disciplines, 1-5 per sub-element, target versus actual.
TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası (MMO) 2025
Provide a suppression-option selector for white space, UPS/battery and electrical rooms showing reliability, water-damage risk, enclosure-integrity dependency and cost.
arXiv (Aalborg University) 2026
For large sites, capture grid-code inputs per jurisdiction (FRT curve, MW/min ramp limit, power-quality limits) as project inputs and flag UPS settings that transfer to battery or generator on shallow sags.
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution (Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)) 2026
For large or AI facilities, record the UPS's fault ride-through behaviour (momentary cessation versus ride-through with minimum grid draw), the inverter current limit and the post-fault ramp rate, alongside the point-of-interconnection short-circuit ratio.
Uptime Institute Journal 2014
Model fuel as a first-class subsystem: tanks, pumps, valves, day tanks and pump power feeds with redundancy checks.
Siemens 2021
In the MV switchgear catalogue store insulation {AIS, GIS}, arc-resistance standard and rating, inspection interval and footprint.
IEEE Access (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 2026
Require block-level (per-unit) voltage and resistance monitoring in UPS battery monitoring rather than string totals, citing that one weak unit in a series string limits the whole string's capacity.
Energy Efficient HPC Working Group 2019
Site/grid-connection screens should capture expected load-step magnitude and ramp time and short-circuit strength at the point of connection.
arXiv preprint (University of Michigan) 2026
Layer storage by timescale (chip/server sub-ms to ms, rack ms to seconds, UPS and GiUPS sub-second to 10 s, BESS minutes to hours) and show each layer's duty in the coordination scheme.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2022
Place standard tap-off points with isolation valves, vent/drain/flush connections and strainers at every rack or CDU connection in liquid cooling layouts, sized from Q = flow x delta T x cp so future kW per position is explicit.
Danfoss 2024
In the liquid-cooling catalogue store coupling size, OCP compliance, maximum working pressure, flow coefficient/pressure drop, disconnect-under-pressure limit and wetted materials.
Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2025
Liquid-loop design rules: check pipe velocity <= 2.1 m/s above 3 in. NPS and TCS supply >= dewpoint + 2 C, and flag incompatible wetted materials.
Applied Thermal Engineering (Elsevier BV) 2025
In hybrid immersion/direct liquid cooling design, rank dielectric fluids by FOM1, but remember a high-FOM1 fluid can infiltrate the TIM of cold-plated CPUs and raise their temperature.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
Give immersion tank and server catalogue items a field-reliability reference (AFR), and use component-level AFRs in the reliability module rather than assuming immersion degrades availability.
ABB 2013
In the operations module include DCIM/EPMS integration points per device (protocol: Modbus, IEC 61850).
Schneider Electric 2020
Add a processCoupling flag (in_series, in_parallel) to edge sites; for in_series default the availability target to Tier III equivalent and require redundant UPS/cooling (N+1 or 2N) plus maintenance bypass.
ISO/IEC 2021
At project setup, offer ISO/IEC 22237 alongside EN 50600 as a selectable standard profile.
ISO/IEC 2021
In the single-line editor, validate topology against the selected availability class (single path, redundant components, multiple paths, fault-tolerant).
ISO/IEC 2022
In the site module, require a seismic risk assessment step when the site's seismic hazard (e.g. TBDY 2018 map value) is significant.
ISO/IEC 2026
In the reliability module, add a resilience-level calculator that compares alternative power/cooling topologies on maintainability, recoverability and vulnerability.
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