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Topic guide

UPS

Browse technical references on uninterruptible power supplies, batteries and redundant power arrangements. Explore capacity, efficiency, runtime and maintenance considerations alongside each publication’s assumptions and scope.

Sources
175
Downloadable PDFs
50
Years
2002–2026
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145–168 / 175

Technical guidePDF

U.S. EPA / ENERGY STAR 2017

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs) - Partner Commitments, Eligibility Criteria Version 2.0, and Test Method (Rev. Dec-2017)

Write the Version 2.0 thresholds into UPS procurement as a floor; for VFI units above 10,000 W compute the minimum from 0.0058 x ln(P) + 0.886 for the actual rating.

  • Modular UPSs in the 1,500-10,000 W range receive an efficiency allowance (EMOD) of 0.004.
UPSElectricalEnergy
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Technical guidePDF

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Headquarters, Department of the Army) 2002

TM 5-693 Uninterruptible Power Supply System Selection, Installation, and Maintenance for Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities (31 May 2002)

Calculate availability from MTBF and MTTR before choosing a UPS configuration; apply the same method to single-unit, N+1 and dual-redundant layouts to compare the gain from redundancy with the cost of the added components.

  • C4ISR facilities require a reliability level of 99.9999 percent (the six-nine rule), which may call for greater redundancy.
UPSElectricalReliability
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Technical guidePDF

Headquarters, Department of the Army (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers PREP) 2006

TM 5-698-5 Survey of Reliability and Availability Information for Power Distribution, Power Generation, and Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Components for Commercial, Industrial, and Utility Installations (22 July 2006)

When modelling the power and cooling chain use these values as starting failure rates and MTBF/MTTR inputs and convert them into availability with the method of TM 5-698-1.

  • Diesel engine generators overall: 0.528 failures/yr, MTBF about 16,590 h, MTTR 24.22 h, operational availability 0.99399.
ReliabilityElectricalGenerators
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Technical guidePDF

U.S. DoD (UFC) 2023

UFC 3-540-01 Engine-Driven Generator Systems for Prime and Standby Power Applications (1 August 2014, Change 3, 26 January 2023)

Include transient and steady-state loads, transformer inrush, motor starting and UPS load in the generator sizing study, and calculate UPS charging load using the minimum charging current allowed while on generator.

  • Harmonic analysis is required when switching power supplies make up 25% or more of the system load.
GeneratorsElectricalReliability
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Technical guidePDF

U.S. DoD (UFC) 2021

UFC 3-600-01, Fire Protection Engineering for Facilities (8 August 2016, Change 6, 6 May 2021)

Build the data hall protection concept in this order: very early warning smoke detection, wet-pipe sprinklers throughout, clean agent only as an addition, and state in the specification that clean agent cannot replace the sprinklers.

  • Stand-alone telecommunication facilities over 2,500 ft2 (232 m2) need clean agent or sprinklers; over 7,500 ft2 (696 m2) sprinklers are required and clean agent may only be added.
Fire safetySecurityUPS
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