Topic guide
Explore technical publications on data centre cooling systems, thermal loads and operating conditions. Review air and liquid approaches, energy use and operational requirements within each source’s scope.
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The Green Grid 2011
Support prefabricated module objects (power skids, container halls) as catalogue items with fixed capacity, footprint and interfaces.
The Green Grid 2012
In the site/cooling module, compute free-cooling hours from hourly weather against the selected ASHRAE class envelope rather than relying on maps.
The Green Grid 2012
When users raise supply air above the ASHRAE recommended range, show both the cooling-energy saving and a reliability note (ASHRAE x-factor) instead of a hard error.
The Green Grid 2015
In the airflow advisor, estimate fan and chiller savings from containment and blanking (bypass and recirculation reduction).
The Green Grid 2016
In airflow/CFD results, report thermal conformance (share of IT inlets within the recommended range) alongside PUE.
The Green Grid 2016
In the liquid cooling module, use consistent boundary terms (FWS/TCS loops, CDU).
The Green Grid 2018
In the CDU catalog, hold capacity (kW) at approach temperature, flow, pump head and redundancy.
The Green Grid 2020
In the server catalogue, store the declared operating condition class (A1-A4).
TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası (MMO) 2007
Warn when IT and comfort loads share one UPS or one chilled-water primary loop, since that blocks independent temperature reset and free cooling.
ASHRAE 2023
Evaluate all applicable inlet conditions (temperature, moisture, dew point, altitude) together.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2024
Take AI rack and node power assumptions (3.4 to 12.2 kW per 8-GPU server, 20% idle) as a cross-check on IT load models, not as a substitute for vendor data.
European Commission JRC 2025
Design the facility to operate within the ASHRAE Class A2 allowable range and require A2 operation within warranty in IT procurement; plan separate environmental zones (practice 5.3.4) for legacy equipment.
BICSI 2024
Offer BICSI classes as an alternate standards profile alongside Uptime/TIA/EN, with an F1~Tier I/Rated-1/Class 1 ... F4~Tier IV/Rated-4/Class 4 table labelled 'conceptual equivalence only'
Telecommunications Industry Association 2024
In a 'TIA-942' standards profile, let users pick a rating per discipline (for example electrical Rated-3, mechanical Rated-3, telecom Rated-2)
Schneider Electric 2021
In the operations module attach a maintenance strategy and default PM interval (quarterly/semi-annual/annual) to each catalog asset class, with a condition-based monitoring option.
U.S. Department of Energy / FEMP Year not stated
Keep evaporation, drift, leaks and blowdown as separate items in the model.
U.S. DOE FEMP / NREL 2024
Weigh the supply air setpoint against server fan energy: raise it in small steps within the ASHRAE recommended range so the most demanding inlet nears 80 °F, only after air management is in place, and control to IT inlet temperature rather than return temperature.
BRE Global 2019
Metering rule: if projected PUE is below 1.2 require IT-level (PUE3) metering; at 1.2-1.5 require at least PDU-output (PUE2); otherwise UPS-output (PUE1) is acceptable.
Schneider Electric 2013
Use this paper as the template for the Design Basis form: target average kW per rack, peak kW per rack (default 2x average), density uncertainty (default 15%), managed power ratio (default 0.7) and reserve space (default 15%).
Schneider Electric 2017
Implement as the default heat-load calculator: Q = IT + (0.04 x UPS + 0.05 x IT) + (0.01 x UPS + 0.02 x IT) + 14.32 x area + 100 x people
Schneider Electric 2019
Use as a seed for the TCO/capex comparison engine: liquidTechPremiumUsdPerW = 0.77 and chillerCrahSavingsUsdPerW = 0.91 (immersion).
Schneider Electric 2012
Drive the cooling-architecture recommender: for a new build with IT load above 200 kW, default to room cooling + hot-aisle containment
Open Compute Project Foundation 2023
Require each vendor to fill in the parameters of importance tables for cold plates, hoses, quick disconnects, loops, manifolds and CDUs so offers can be compared.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2020
Check the delivery route against rack height plus 0.5 m, door and corridor widths, and the lift capacity, before agreeing to host or design for Open Racks.
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