Collection

Recently added

Technical references added to the library in the last 90 days.

Sources
1044
Downloadable PDFs
270
Years
1984–2027

All sources

121–144 / 1044

Research paperPDF

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 2021

Carbon-Aware Computing for Datacenters

Consider shifting temporally flexible workloads (completable within 24 hours) to hours of lower carbon intensity and lower power peak as an option in data-centre grid-connection negotiation and power capacity planning.

  • A piecewise-linear model of power versus CPU usage achieves daily MAPE below 5% for more than 95% of power domains.
Research paperPDF

Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences (Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences) 2026

CFD Analysis of Data Center Hall Cooling Performance under Normal and Failure Modes with Control Strategies and Airflow Leakages

Do thermal verification of failure mode (two ACUs offline) with realistic air leakage (cabinet gaps, HAC panel joints); a leak-free model can comply while the leaky model exceeds 32 °C.

  • The grid study selected 7,288,454 cells with the standard k-epsilon model and wall functions.
Technical guidePDF

Open Compute Project Foundation 2026

Clean Backup Power Technology Requirements, Base Specification Version 0.3 (effective Apr 22, 2026)

Extend the generator catalogue with technology type (diesel, HVO, gas, H2 ICE, PEM fuel cell), emissions factor relative to the 1742 lb/MWh baseline, start time, block-load capability and NFPA 110 level.

  • Overload 110% for 60 s and 150% for 3 s; transient voltage response to ISO 8528-5 G3; steady-state frequency within +/-0.5%.
Research paperPDF

Resources, Conservation and Recycling (Elsevier BV) 2022

Climate- and technology-specific PUE and WUE estimations for U.S. data centers using a hybrid statistical and thermodynamics-based approach

In early data-centre design, set PUE and WUE targets by size class, cooling system and climate zone using this study's ranges (for example 1.71-2.22 for small rooms, 1.12-1.25 for large scale).

  • Airside economisers with adiabatic cooling (case 1) use less water than airside economisers alone (case 3).
Technical guideFree to read

Uptime Institute Journal 2014

Close Coupled Cooling and Reliability (Matt Mescall)

For in-row and RDHx designs, evaluate cooling redundancy per aisle or row, not per room, and check unit throw distance to the farthest rack under N-1.

  • A planned electrical outage may take out no more than the redundant number of cooling units in any single aisle; 2N CCC with A/B split simplifies this.
RegulationPDF

European Commission 2026

Commission Delegated Regulation C(2026) 3472 of 21.9.2026 supplementing Directive (EU) 2023/1791 and amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1364 as regards the establishment of a common Union rating scheme for data centres (main act)

As labels will be issued every year from 15 August 2027, set PUE and WUE class targets (Annex I) at design stage for new and existing sites and build the metering infrastructure to the reporting requirements.

  • Labels are generated automatically by the European database every year from 15 August 2027 and are publicly available electronically in all official Union languages.
Technical guidePDF

European Commission 2022

Commission Notice on the application of ecodesign requirements on the efficiency of power-supply units in servers and data-storage products and on the power-source efficiency of welding equipment (2022/C 469/03)

When validating server PSU data against the 2023 tier, apply an informational exception, not a hard error, for units placed on the market during 2023 (legacy stock).

  • The Commission expects the problem to be short-term and largely resolved before 1 January 2024.
RegulationPDF

European Commission 2024

Commission Recommendation (EU) 2024/2002 of 24 July 2024 setting out guidelines for the interpretation of Article 11 of Directive (EU) 2023/1791 as regards energy management systems and energy audits

Show in the operations module whether site annual energy crosses 10 TJ (audit) or 85 TJ (certified ISO 50001 energy management system); in unit terms 10 TJ is about 2.78 GWh and 85 TJ about 23.6 GWh.

  • A cited study gives audit payback of 3.1 years or less, and under 1.16 years for enterprises above 10 TJ.
RegulationPDF

European Commission 2024

Commission Recommendation (EU) 2024/2395 of 2 September 2024 setting out guidelines for the interpretation of Article 26 of Directive (EU) 2023/1791 as regards heating and cooling supply requirements

When testing the 1 MW waste heat threshold, compute "total rated energy input" from rated capacity (for example utility connection or rated IT plus infrastructure), not modelled annual energy, and take the measurement point at the handover of electricity supply.

  • CBA thresholds: thermal electricity generation 10 MW, industrial installation 8 MW, service facility 7 MW, data centre 1 MW.
RegulationPDF

European Commission 2019

Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/424 of 15 March 2019 laying down ecodesign requirements for servers and data storage products - consolidated text 01.03.2021 (incl. Regulation (EU) 2021/341)

In the IT equipment catalogue store PSU efficiency at 10/20/50/100% load, power factor, active state efficiency (SERT/EN 303470) and declared operating class A1-A4, and validate new models against the 2023 tier.

  • Secure data deletion applies from 1 March 2020; latest firmware and security updates must be made available from 1 March 2021.
RegulationPDF

European Commission 2021

Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/341 of 23 February 2021 amending Regulations (EU) 2019/424, (EU) 2019/1781, (EU) 2019/2019, (EU) 2019/2020, (EU) 2019/2021, (EU) 2019/2022, (EU) 2019/2023 and (EU) 2019/2024 with regard to ecodesign requirements (omnibus amendment)

In equipment catalogue validation cite EN 303470 (SERT) as the test basis for server efficiency fields and record the declared operating class as tested.

  • Article 6 bans products that detect testing and alter performance; Annex IV treats such a model as non-compliant.
RegulationPDF

European Commission 2019

Commission Staff Working Document SWD(2019) 106 - Impact Assessment accompanying Commission Regulation laying down ecodesign requirements for servers and data storage products

In the what-if module show direct and infrastructure savings separately for IT refresh scenarios: the document finds infrastructure savings exceed direct IT savings, which supports showing that every watt saved in IT also saves cooling and power infrastructure energy.

  • The preferred option 3.2 saves 6.5 TWh per year in 2020 and 8.9 TWh in 2030.
Technical guideFree to read

Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2008

Commissioning on-site electrical systems

For phased builds, the tool should place load-bank connection points and isolation breakers and output a Cx test list with individual, discrete and integrated levels.

  • The owner estimated a $5 million recovery cost had the load dropped.
Research paperPDF

CIGRE US National Committee, 2026 Grid of the Future Symposium (arXiv preprint) 2026

Comparative Analysis of Large Load Interconnection Requirements Across U.S. Transmission Entities

Design data-centre UPS and load control to the most restrictive entity's requirement: 6.0 s ride-through at 0.70-0.90 pu (CAISO), six fault-clearing attempts within 90 s (SPP), six 50-70 ms reclosings (Dominion), and the ban on constant-power control (SPP).

  • MISO's proposal requires withstanding three voltage disturbances within 10 s and phase-angle jumps up to 25 degrees.

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