The engineer’s reference desk
241–264 / 1,044 sources
Cundall 2021
Allow server fan power to be entered as a fraction of IT load and compute TUE alongside PUE.
Uptime Institute Journal (Uptime Institute) 2021
When comparing air and DLC options, report total facility energy and IT energy, not PUE alone.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
Record approach temperature difference, P-Q curve, fan/pump redundancy and coil material in rear-door and sidecar catalogue items.
Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2015
Include economizer control limits, part-load loss curves for each electrical stage and the redundancy topology as energy model inputs.
Jacobs 2023
Use the 6.75 Mgal/MW-yr figure as a sanity-check benchmark for evaporative designs.
Uptime Institute Journal 2014
In Tier III/IV templates, route two independent active paths from UPS output to each rack.
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Buildings (MDPI AG) 2025
Plan UPS maintenance from a condition table that maps each unit's state to MTBF and MTTR, then pick the units to maintain that meet target availability at the lowest cost.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2024
Assess waste-heat sale feasibility with ERF, heat-pump COP (4.37 for 65 °C DH inlet), distance to the DH network (3-2265 m) and payback (6.44-14.98 years) together.
arXiv preprint (Stanford University) 2026
Offer rack-level smoothing storage (filter + battery/supercap + DC regulator) as a catalog item for HVDC AI racks, sized by peak power swing and grid ramp limit rather than backup energy.
Eaton 2015
Keep an efficiency curve per mode (double conversion versus eco/ESS) and the transfer time in the catalogue.
Schneider Electric 2014
Compute eco savings through the PUE stack (UPS loss plus the cooling of that loss), not from the UPS efficiency delta alone.
European Commission, DG GROW (Intertek) 2016
When buying servers and storage use SERT results and ENERGY STAR server specifications to compare energy efficiency; the EU Code of Conduct also refers to ENERGY STAR for procurement.
Uptime Institute Journal 2016
Catalogue economizer units with operating modes, restart time and recirculation capability.
ASHRAE 2020
Add vestibule or servicing-condition checks to the edge enclosure template.
Data Center Frontier 2026
Provide a waterless closed-loop heat rejection option with WUE of about 0 and its PUE trade-off.
Frontiers in Built Environment (Frontiers Media SA) 2024
Make aisle containment the default in raised-floor or in-row cooling: containment raised ASE from 65.69% to 85.57-90.25% and brought SHI close to zero.
Uptime Institute Journal 2025
Catalogue AI racks with both 'ratedPowerKw' and 'peakTransientKw' (e.g. 132 vs 150+ for NVL72).
Schneider Electric 2015
In the single-line editor define node types for MV switchgear, MV/LV transformer, LV switchboard/ATS, UPS input/output/distribution boards, STS, PDU, RPP, busway, panelboard and rack PDU, each with rated voltage, rated current, breaking capacity (kAIC/Icu) and withstand rating (SCCR/Icw).
Schneider Electric 2011
Never output a single PUE: produce a PUE-vs-IT-load curve (10-100%) and an annual PUE from hourly weather bins, labelling the averaging period explicitly.
Schneider Electric 2011
Model each infrastructure block with no-load, proportional and square-law coefficients (Table 2 as defaults) and compute PUE as a curve over 0-100% IT utilisation.
International Energy Agency 2024
Use this document as benchmark and context only, not as a source of default values.
International Energy Agency 2025
Add a China profile to regulatory rules: show the average PUE below 1.5 and on-load rate of at least 60% targets as a compliance warning (possibly stricter for national hub regions).
arXiv preprint (Harvard University et al.) 2025
For AI-campus grid studies, use the default rack-density bands (7-10 kW traditional, 30-100+ kW AI).
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory / The Brattle Group 2026
The cost model should support large-load tariff features: minimum billing demand (% of contract MW), contract term, ramp schedule and collateral.
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