Collection

Recently added

Technical references added to the library in the last 90 days.

Sources
1044
Downloadable PDFs
270
Years
1984–2027

All sources

217–240 / 1044

Technical guideFree to read

ABB 2008

Directional protection and directional zone selectivity

For main switchboards with two transformers plus bus tie, or generator paralleling boards, flag that conventional time selectivity cannot discriminate fault direction and propose directional or directional-zone selectivity on incomers and bus tie.

  • Without auxiliary power it degrades to plain directional protection with t7FW/t7BW times.
RegulationPDF

European Parliament and Council of the European Union 2023

Directive (EU) 2023/1791 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on energy efficiency and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 (recast) - Energy Efficiency Directive

If the site's installed IT power is 500 kW or more, provide in the design for the annual Annex VII reporting and the monitoring infrastructure (energy, power utilisation, temperature set points, waste heat, water, renewables); measurement is based on the EN 50600-4 family.

  • Art. 12(2): data centres serving exclusively defence and civil protection are excluded.
Research paperPDF

Frontiers in Energy Research (Frontiers Media SA) 2022

Discussions of Cold Plate Liquid Cooling Technology and Its Applications in Data Center Thermal Management

For loads of 50 kW per rack and above, evaluate a hybrid cold-plate scheme (main loads on cold plates, remaining heat in air) for a PUE target below 1.2.

  • Cabinets with enclosed water-cooled backplanes can save nearly 35% of annual energy compared with air-cooled backplanes.
Technical guidePDF

U.S. Department of Energy / Federal Register 2025

Accelerating Speed to Power/Winning the Artificial Intelligence Race: Federal Action To Rapidly Expand Grid Capacity and Enable Electricity Demand Growth (Request for Information, September 18, 2025)

When planning a large load connection, query the interconnection queue, transmission congestion and reconductoring potential for the relevant grid region early.

  • The RFI cites Executive Orders 14154, 14179, 14262 and 14302.
Technical guideFree to read

Open Compute Project Foundation 2025

Door Heat Exchanger Sub-Project Updates (OCP EMEA Summit 2025)

Record approach temperature difference, P-Q curve, fan/pump redundancy and coil material in rear-door and sidecar catalogue items.

  • Sidecars should align with ORv3 dimensions using Single Rack Space units; pumps and fans redundant and hot-swappable, heat exchanger treated as a single point of failure.
Technical guideFree to read

Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2015

Driving data center PUE, efficiency

Include economizer control limits, part-load loss curves for each electrical stage and the redundancy topology as energy model inputs.

  • Water-cooled IT still rejects roughly 10-30% of cabinet capacity to air; such cabinets typically house 50-80 kW.

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