The engineer’s reference desk
769–792 / 1,044 sources
arXiv preprint (University of Texas at Austin; formatted for IEEE Transactions on Power Systems) 2025
Model AI data-centre load as a persistent periodic forcing (0.3-1.5 Hz band, about 20% of peak fluctuating) rather than a ramp, and add oscillation analysis to the grid-interconnection study.
Vertiv 2024
Extend the power-source library beyond utility plus diesel: BESS (AC- or DC-coupled to the UPS), SOFC prime power, PEM backup fuel cell, PV and CHP, each with fuel type, start time, ramp capability and emissions factor.
The Green Grid 2009
In the cooling advisor, tag each recommended measure (containment, set-point raise, economisation and so on) with its effect on the cooling component of PUE.
The Green Grid 2009
Use as historical reference only.
The Green Grid 2007
Use as seed content for the tool's efficiency-measure checklist, linking each measure to the subsystem it affects.
The Green Grid 2009
In the energy model, present a Sankey or loss breakdown by zone (utility/MV, UPS, PDU, cooling plant, room air).
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The Green Grid 2009
In the reports module, attach the measurement nomenclature (measurement category and level, period, design or measured) whenever a PUE figure is exported.
The Green Grid 2009
In rack and IT load entry, let users enter measured or vendor-calculator power instead of nameplate.
The Green Grid 2011
In a cooling option matrix, present architectures (room CRAH, in-row, rear-door, chilled-water versus DX, economised) with qualitative pros and cons.
The Green Grid 2010
If the tool offers 380 V DC topologies, flag them as requiring DC-rated protection devices and connectors.
The Green Grid 2010
In an optional IT efficiency panel, allow users to enter server utilisation data.
The Green Grid 2007
In the electrical topology library, tag topology templates (480/208 V AC, 415/240 V AC, DC options) with qualitative pros and cons.
The Green Grid 2011
Offer air-side and water-side economizer modes by default in the cooling wizard.
The Green Grid 2011
Support prefabricated module objects (power skids, container halls) as catalogue items with fixed capacity, footprint and interfaces.
The Green Grid 2012
In the embodied-carbon module, define explicit LCA boundaries (modules A-C per EN 15978) and life-cycle stages for the facility and IT.
The Green Grid 2012
In the site/cooling module, compute free-cooling hours from hourly weather against the selected ASHRAE class envelope rather than relying on maps.
The Green Grid 2012
In the UPS module, model double-conversion and Eco/ESS modes with separate efficiency curves.
The Green Grid 2012
When users raise supply air above the ASHRAE recommended range, show both the cooling-energy saving and a reliability note (ASHRAE x-factor) instead of a hard error.
The Green Grid 2012
In phased-build planning, support staged UPS and generator modules with efficiency at each load step.
The Green Grid 2013
In operations and sustainability, add an EDE field to the IT refresh plan: the share of retired equipment going to responsible reuse or recycling.
The Green Grid 2013
Compare THDi and THDv against IEEE 519 limits at the PCC rather than demanding near-zero values.
The Green Grid 2014
When adding ITEEsv/ITEUsv (ISO/IEC 30134-4/-5) inputs, reference this study as background.
The Green Grid 2008
In the metrics panel, compute PUE = total facility energy / IT energy and optionally show DCiE = 100/PUE for legacy reports.
The Green Grid 2014
In the layout module, report space metrics (IT kW per m2 of white space, racks per m2, white-space ratio) next to PUE/WUE as a SpUE-style indicator.
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