Collection
Peer-reviewed articles and preprints; most are downloadable under open licences.
97–120 / 183
Buildings (MDPI AG) 2026
In IEC control, stage airflow to follow load rate and spray to follow room temperature, and prefer a low fresh/return air ratio.
arXiv preprint (math.OC), MIT Operations Research Center 2025
In data-centre carbon accounting, consider hourly locational marginal emissions (LME) rather than an annual-average grid factor; the LME-based intensity (about 672 kgCO2/MWh) was about 3 times the average factor (202).
Communications of the ACM (Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)) 2025
Separate withdrawal from consumption in water outputs, and default cooling-tower consumption to about 80% of withdrawal when water quality is good.
Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2025
In a building-integrated edge data centre, distribute workload to servers so outlet temperatures are as high as possible (within standard limits); recoverable heat rose by up to 17.1% over random distribution.
arXiv preprint (National Laboratory of the Rockies) 2026
Size AI data-centre facility power with measured profiles rather than the rated design: even with all servers utilised, facility power reached only 73-80% of rated design.
arXiv preprint (cs.SE); Skyworkz / Sustainable Digital Infrastructure Alliance (SDIA) 2023
Compute IT carbon as (Es + Eo) × I + M and allocate embodied carbon (M) for shared resources by time and resource share; define scope, idle-time and shared-resource attribution explicitly.
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 2017
In data-centre comparisons, do not use PUE as a cross-facility metric; normalise for IT load, weather and location, or state the same conditions.
Frontiers in Environmental Science (Frontiers Media SA) 2026
In AI data-centre investment assessment in hot, arid regions, weigh carbon, water, social and governance criteria together with explicit weights (0.40/0.25/0.20/0.15); indirect water (desalination energy) was about 0.68 times direct cooling water.
Applied Sciences (MDPI AG) 2024
Make hot-aisle back pressure (hot-aisle pressure above cold aisle) a design input in contained aisles; server inlet temperature rises once back pressure reaches the fans' free-delivery point.
Buildings (MDPI AG) 2023
For hot-spot removal, before choosing lower supply temperature or higher airflow outright, compare the COP drop (3.2 to 2.6) and the energy difference (20.1% and 4.2%) with a rack-specific air distribution option.
Batteries (MDPI AG) 2026
Define a designed, buoyancy-driven vent or relief path at the top of a storage cabinet; in a closed cabinet H2 forms a flammable layer under the roof, so control gas and heat build-up.
Challenges (MDPI AG) 2015
In data-centre electricity-demand projections use traffic-based extrapolation (traffic × annually improving energy intensity) as an upper-bound reference; the worst case is very high and the method was later criticised for overestimating demand.
Energy Strategy Reviews (Elsevier BV) 2024
In a data-centre renewable procurement strategy, weigh that annual volumetric matching does not deliver hourly clean supply (54% to 83%) and that 85-95% hourly CFE targets cut emissions more at a relatively small premium.
Applied Sciences (MDPI AG) 2025
In retrofitting an existing raised-floor hall, first close unused rack spaces with blanking panels (alone they cut SHI by 42.61%); containment alone gave little benefit.
Buildings (MDPI AG) 2025
Choose a raised-floor height of at least 600 mm; at 300-500 mm some grilles had reverse (negative) flow and uneven static pressure, and gains levelled off above 800 mm.
Buildings (MDPI AG) 2024
Assess an IEC unit by climate: natural cooling covered 97% of the year in a dry climate and 43% in a humid one; check the wet-bulb distribution (19 °C threshold) against project climate data.
Frontiers in Energy Research (Frontiers Media SA) 2023
With active tiles, always seal under-rack gaps; if left open, low pressure at the tile surface pulls hot air in under the rack and worsens the lower servers.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2025
Verify two-phase immersion PUE claims so they include the external heat-rejection loop (exchangers, pumps, pipes) and not just tank-level power; the 1.01 figure excludes it.
arXiv preprint (Microsoft Azure) 2023
In the power planner, apply different diversity and oversubscription factors by workload: inference rows can be provisioned below sum-of-nameplate (for example peak about 80% of provisioned), while training rows should assume near-coincident peaks with only about 10% headroom.
Geothermal Energy (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2026
Before linking data-centre waste heat to nearby building heating, check that site subsurface geology suits ATES and that the site is outside water-protection zones; only 13 of 19 sites did.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2015
Make inrush control (pre-charge, soft start) an explicit design step in DC distribution, and assess contact-welding risk in connector and contact selection.
arXiv preprint (Microsoft / OpenAI / NVIDIA) 2025
For AI-training halls, carry a 'synchronous load' flag and capture utility time-domain (MW/s ramp up/down, dynamic range) and frequency-domain (critical band, spectral cap) limits as interconnection inputs.
arXiv preprint (Emerald AI / EPRI / National Grid / NVIDIA / Oracle; submitted to IEEE) 2026
Add a 'flexible load' profile in the grid-connection module: committed reduction depth (%), response time (s), duration (h) and recovery, derived from the workload priority mix.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 2026
In battery-room arc-flash labelling, calculate the self-extinguishing model alongside the maximum power method rather than using the latter as the only reference, and check cases where excessive PPE categories make maintenance impractical.
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