Collection
Peer-reviewed articles and preprints; most are downloadable under open licences.
121–144 / 183
Applied Sciences (MDPI AG) 2022
In ASD pipe network design, account for dilution of obscuration by hole count and distance from the detector; for long, many-hole pipes, verify time to alarm threshold and sensitivity by calculation.
Sensors (MDPI AG) 2022
In siting, do not use PUE as the only criterion; evaluate it together with electricity cost (tariff) and carbon (CUE, grid mix) estimates derived from PUE, since a low-PUE site may have a high tariff or carbon-intensive grid.
Applied System Innovation (MDPI AG) 2026
For predictive cooling control, plan at least one inlet and one outlet temperature sensor per rack; below that, prediction error rose by about 22%.
Fire (MDPI AG) 2026
Compare BESS compartmentation quantitatively: two compartments halve HF dose and IDLH clearance time, but IDLH is still exceeded for anyone in the room in full thermal runaway, so runaway prevention (BMS integrity, UL 9540A containment, emergency power off) must stay the primary control.
Energy and Buildings (Elsevier) 2021
Use the prototype densities and the approach-temperature concept to calibrate the tool's hourly cooling model and containment effectiveness.
Fire (MDPI AG) 2026
Ask for a fire-safety design file that covers a lifecycle plan (aligned with NFPA 75 and NFPA 76) including emergency response, damage control and post-fire recovery, not only prevention and suppression.
arXiv preprint (Oklahoma State University / New York University) 2026
For operations and grid-interaction features, use regime-aware (idle/ramp/high) minute-resolution IT load forecasting with job-scheduler signals (active jobs) as inputs, rather than only historical kW.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2023
When choosing among DRUPS or UPS configurations, first screen with the graph-based method to identify the best candidates, then do the detailed RBD calculation for that candidate only.
Proceedings of the 2018 3rd Joint International Information Technology，Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Conference (JIMEC 2018) (Atlantis Press) 2018
Offer 'UPS + utility (mains) dual bus' as a topology template beside 2N and N+1, with an RBD calculation that shows it can match 2N for dual-corded IT load.
World Electric Vehicle Journal (MDPI AG) 2023
Plan UPS battery replacement from the RUL of the weakest cell rather than the string average; in a series string one cell sets the replacement date for the whole string even when others have years of life left.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2026
In in-cabinet liquid cooling, place high-load servers near the supply side; locating a 1.2 kW server at the bottom cut total power by 34.4%.
Sustainability (MDPI AG) 2026
For plenum imbalance, consider a 50%-perforated transverse baffle about 0.3 m from the unit outlet; 50% open gave a smaller resistance increase than 30% (8.5% against 18.7%).
ACM/IEEE (SC Conference) 2021
Let designers enter a seasonal cooling mode split (towers vs chiller trim) in energy models rather than a single PUE.
IEEE Access (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 2026
Define 800 VDC unipolar, ±400 VDC bipolar and 48/54 VDC busbar as separate voltage classes in the single-line diagram, each with its own conductor ampacity, breaker pole count and clearance (IEC 60664-1) checks.
arXiv preprint (cs.DC) 2024
Add an embodied-carbon estimator per server SKU using the SCARIF linear model (5.01 kg per CPU core, 0.16 kg/GB SSD, 0.04 kg/GB HDD, 0.95 kg/GB DRAM, 83.08 kg x (year-2000), intercept -1100), and tag the result as an approximate, vendor-calibrated value.
arXiv (preprint) 2026
Offer an SST/800 VDC front end as an alternative architecture template next to transformer + UPS, with its efficiency curve as a catalogue field.
arXiv (Texas Tech University) 2021
In a data-centre LV system with generator backup, run the arc-flash study for both grid-connected and islanded topologies, and check that the much lower islanded fault current (1,296 A instead of 22,793 A) does not lengthen clearing time.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2023
Select the two-phase immersion fluid by boiling point: it must boil below the 85 °C chip limit but not boil continuously at idle and raise condenser pump energy (HFE-7100 was chosen).
Fire (MDPI AG) 2023
When assessing non-gas, non-water suppression options, note liquid nitrogen only as a preliminary-stage option, and ask for full-scale testing and an occupant-safety analysis for oxygen depletion before taking design values.
Building Simulation (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2020
When considering connecting a data centre to an ATES, make the yearly heat balance (imported versus exported heat) the first feasibility check; a continuously cooling data centre can shift it toward heat rejection.
arXiv (UC Riverside / RIT / Caltech preprint) 2026
Add a peak-day water demand output (annual average times peaking factor, default at least 2.2 for cooling towers, configurable up to about 6-10 for evaporative assist used only on hot days), and compare it with utility supply capacity in site screening.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2026
Set data-centre setpoints (air temperature, free-cooling threshold) together with waste-heat sales: warmer setpoints and more free cooling cut cooling electricity by about 45% but also cut recoverable heat to about 45%.
Joule (Elsevier BV) 2022
Where the tool shows national or global context figures or forecasts, label the method (bottom-up, top-down, extrapolation), the system boundary and the source, and prefer bottom-up or metered data.
IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 2026
In rack power templates, model PSU count per shelf and the 33 kW shelf limit for AC distribution, and check busbar, PDU and cooling impact together for racks that exceed 100 kW with several shelves.
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