Topic guide

Sustainability

Browse publications on environmental impacts, carbon, resource use and life cycles. Compare assessment methods while reviewing their scope, data periods and reporting boundaries alongside the original sources.

Sources
201
Downloadable PDFs
66
Years
2007–2026

All sources

121–144 / 201

Research paperPDF

Energies (MDPI AG) 2025

Thermo-Economic Potential of Carnot Batteries for the Waste Heat Recovery of Liquid-Cooled Data Centers with Different Combinations of Heat Pumps and Organic Rankine Cycles

When evaluating turning liquid-cooled data-centre waste heat into electricity, weigh RTE (76-83%) against specific cost (767-1125 USD/kWh); higher RTE can come with a cost increase.

  • System cost is about 767-796 USD/kWh depending on the cycle combination.
Research paperPDF

Frontiers in Toxicology (Frontiers Media SA) 2026

Toxicological and environmental evaluation of the two-phase immersion cooling fluid HFO-153-10mczz-E

When selecting a two-phase immersion fluid, add toxicology and occupational exposure limit (here WEEL 200 ppm) to the specification alongside boiling point (40-60 °C), dielectric strength, non-flammability and material compatibility.

  • HFO-153-10mczz-E meets the OECD structural definition of a PFAS and falls in the short-chain PFAS category.
Technical guideCitation

Trane Technologies / UL Environment 2023

Trane Centrifugal Chillers EPD 4790566295.101.1

In preliminary embodied-carbon calculations, use 129 kg CO2e per refrigeration ton as a proxy factor for water-cooled centrifugal chillers and label it as a proxy.

  • The source value is on page 14, Table 18; the declared unit is on page 2.
Research paperFree to read

Nature (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2025

Using life cycle assessment to drive innovation for sustainable cool clouds

Add a cooling-technology comparison calculator that computes annual energy as IT MW x load factor x PUE x 8760 and applies the paper's Table 3 deltas (PUE -3%/-6%, IT capacity +3%/+6%) and Table 4 savings ranges as tagged defaults.

  • Switching to 100% renewable electricity cut GHG by 85-90%, energy demand by 6-7% and blue water by 55-85%; server embodied carbon became more significant.
Technical guideFree to read

TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası (MMO) 2023

Energy saving and carbon footprint effect of waste-heat use in data-centre AHU test laboratories (Veri Merkezi Klima Santrali Test Laboratuvarlarında Atık Isının Kullanımı Yöntemiyle Enerji Tasarrufu ve Karbon Ayak İzine Etkisi)

In the catalogue, add test-standard and witness-test fields for IEC/DC AHUs: ASHRAE 143 rating, tested capacity, factory witness test yes/no.

  • Related standards: ASHRAE 143-2015, EN 308, ISO 14044, ISO 14064-1.
Research paperPDF

Sustainability (MDPI AG) 2025

Zero-Carbon Development in Data Centers Using Waste Heat Recovery Technology: A Systematic Review

In waste-heat use, first match technology to source temperature (heat pump 20-55 °C, absorption cooling 30-85 °C) and think of electricity, heat, cooling and storage together rather than a single technology.

  • Heat pumps for WHR are listed for source temperatures of 20-55 °C and absorption refrigeration for 30-85 °C.

All content and rights belong to the respective authors and publishers. SoSo CAD provides only the citation, its own summary and a link to the source, and is not responsible for the sources' content.

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