The engineer’s reference desk
577–600 / 1,044 sources
ASHRAE / The Green Grid 2014
In the PUE calculator, support partial PUE and measurement categories.
7x24 Exchange Magazine 2025
Adopt these category codes (LD...EHD) as a rack density class derived automatically from kW/rack.
Uptime Institute Journal 2020
Ask users for modal and peak rack density separately, not just the average, and size cooling and power for the peak cluster.
Legrand 2015
For A/B rack feeds, check that the sum of both feeds' peak load stays below 80 % of one branch breaker (failover check) and warn when only average load is entered.
Schneider Electric 2014
Give each data hall a floor-system parameter: raised air plenum, raised piping only, or hard floor.
ASHRAE 2010
In a metering plan generator, define at design stage the meter points needed for PUE category reporting.
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U.S. Department of Energy, Secretary of Energy Advisory Board (SEAB) 2024
Offer alternatives to diesel (gas, BESS, fuel cells) in backup-power design.
Schneider Electric 2024
Structure embodied and operational carbon outputs by the nine categories of Table 2; map bill-of-materials lines to Category 2 subcategories (IT, power, cooling, other) and building materials to Category 1 core and shell.
Schneider Electric 2024
Add chemistry (LFP/NMC/NCA), module construction (bolted or welded), battery passport availability, take-back/EPR programme and declared recycled content to the battery catalog.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
Provide a heat-recovery-station block in the site layout with space sized from capacity (plate HX footprint, 10 m2 per MW for heat pumps, about 43 m3 per MW per 30 minutes of storage) and a demarcation boundary to the heat host.
Fire (MDPI AG) 2026
Ask for a fire-safety design file that covers a lifecycle plan (aligned with NFPA 75 and NFPA 76) including emergency response, damage control and post-fire recovery, not only prevention and suppression.
arXiv preprint (Oklahoma State University / New York University) 2026
For operations and grid-interaction features, use regime-aware (idle/ramp/high) minute-resolution IT load forecasting with job-scheduler signals (active jobs) as inputs, rather than only historical kW.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2023
When choosing among DRUPS or UPS configurations, first screen with the graph-based method to identify the best candidates, then do the detailed RBD calculation for that candidate only.
Caterpillar 2021
Give the fuel module a fuel-type choice: diesel (EN 590/ASTM D975), HVO (EN 15940) or blend.
European Commission 2026
Set the PUE target for new designs against the bands in the report (below 1.2 excellent, above 1.5 needs improvement) and possible future minimum-standard thresholds, noting that the 500-1000 kW class averaged 1.64.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2026
Write the slab embodied-carbon target into the specification together with an EPD requirement and tie it to national or regional benchmarks as a percentage; a 30% reduction against the control is a low-risk starting point.
European Commission, DG ENER (Viegand Maagoe and COWI) 2023
Add an "in scope of EED Article 12" check that computes installed IT power from nominal IT equipment power and compares it with the final-text 500 kW threshold, not the 100 kW proposed in this report.
European Commission, DG ENER (Viegand Maagoe and COWI) 2023
Add local design limits (Noord-Holland design PUE of at most 1.16, German 27 degree inlet temperature) as configurable warnings rather than hard rules, since some are drafts or local.
European Commission, DG ENER (Viegand Maagoe and COWI) 2023
Plan an "EED report export" in the design and operations model that can pre-fill the EU database template: rated IT kW, floor areas, energy, water, heat reuse and renewable fields.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
Give power shelf catalogue items N+0 and N+1 kW ratings, hold-up time, BBU runtime and allowed peak and pulse-load factors.
Proceedings of the 2018 3rd Joint International Information Technology，Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Conference (JIMEC 2018) (Atlantis Press) 2018
Offer 'UPS + utility (mains) dual bus' as a topology template beside 2N and N+1, with an RBD calculation that shows it can match 2N for dual-corded IT load.
World Electric Vehicle Journal (MDPI AG) 2023
Plan UPS battery replacement from the RUL of the weakest cell rather than the string average; in a series string one cell sets the replacement date for the whole string even when others have years of life left.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2026
In in-cabinet liquid cooling, place high-load servers near the supply side; locating a 1.2 kW server at the bottom cut total power by 34.4%.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2022
Model AALC (RPU plus door or rack liquid-to-air heat exchanger) as a cooling option for air-cooled halls, counting the RPU's 4RU space, 75 kg mass and the 2%/5% parasitic power caps against rack U-space, weight and power budgets.
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