The engineer’s reference desk
385–408 / 1,044 sources
Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2025
Liquid-loop design rules: check pipe velocity <= 2.1 m/s above 3 in. NPS and TCS supply >= dewpoint + 2 C, and flag incompatible wetted materials.
Schneider Electric 2014
Evaluate hot spots only at rack inlets against the selected ASHRAE class recommended range, not hot-aisle temperatures.
Vertiv 2023
Model UPS battery state of charge as partitioned: reserved backup energy used for autonomy checks plus an optional grid-service band.
Cummins 2007
Give the sizing engine inputs for minimum load %, maximum voltage and frequency dip, altitude and ambient derate, and per-load type (UPS rectifier pulses, VFD share, motor starting method).
Arup 2022
Include MEP items (generators, fuel tanks, UPS, switchgear, chillers, substations) in embodied-carbon estimates, not only structure.
Leibniz Supercomputing Centre 2025
Let liquid-cooled design templates allow facility supply temperatures up to 45 C with dry-cooler-only heat rejection, and show the resulting PUE.
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Huawei Digital Power 2025
Import RD 01-21 as parametric AI-hall templates (rack kW, racks per module, module kW, redundancy of fan walls/TMUs/towers, generator and transformer counts) and as golden test cases for capacity math.
Schneider Electric 2015
Accept humidity limits as dew point plus RH in the environmental envelope settings, default to current ASHRAE recommended values rather than the 2011 ones quoted here, and recommend dew-point control mode for multi-CRAC rooms.
Burns & McDonnell (BenchMark) 2025
Capture a phased load-ramp schedule (MW by date) as a first-class input.
Cundall (for Iceotope Technologies) 2021
Catalogue liquid-cooled IT and CDUs with ASHRAE W-class and supply temperature fields, and use these to decide whether compressor cooling can be omitted for the site climate.
International Energy Agency 2025
Link to the observatory from the tool's energy-context panel and take current national and regional data center demand figures from it rather than hard-coding values.
IEC 2016
Use the short-circuit screen as a quick preliminary assessment and as a first step in selectivity and breaking-capacity checks.
IEEE 2018
Present the arc-flash screen as a preliminary study tool for 208-600 V three-phase systems and label results as study values, not posting labels.
Applied Thermal Engineering (Elsevier BV) 2025
In hybrid immersion/direct liquid cooling design, rank dielectric fluids by FOM1, but remember a high-FOM1 fluid can infiltrate the TIM of cold-plated CPUs and raise their temperature.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2025
Give immersion tank and server catalogue items a field-reliability reference (AFR), and use component-level AFRs in the reliability module rather than assuming immersion degrades availability.
IEEE 2012
In liquid-cooling energy calculations, account for glycol concentration (higher pumping power, lower heat transfer) and flow-rate set points, not just supply temperature.
Schneider Electric 2013
Build a retrofit wizard asking aisle arrangement (hot/cold yes/no), raised floor (yes/no, depth), drop-ceiling return (yes/no), rack-top-to-ceiling clearance (mm), columns in rows, overhead cabling and existing cooler type, mapped to one of the six containment types.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2019
In the monitoring/BMS design module, include a telemetry point list that pulls IT power (Redfish/IPMI) alongside facility meters.
Schneider Electric 2011
Add rack catalogue fields for door perforation percentage (warn on glass or below the full-perforation spec), rail width versus cabinet width (warn on a 23 in cabinet with 19 in rails and no side seals) and blanking included.
Buildings (MDPI AG) 2024
If cabinets in the rows nearest the cooling units run hot (high-velocity plenum flow starving the nearest tiles), consider adjustable underfloor deflectors and grille opening adjustment before fan-assisted tiles (18.1% and 4.9% airflow shift).
Vertiv 2020
Use hourly climate data (dry-bulb and wet-bulb) in cooling selection to estimate IEC mode hours.
ABB 2013
In the operations module include DCIM/EPMS integration points per device (protocol: Modbus, IEC 61850).
Schneider Electric 2020
Add a processCoupling flag (in_series, in_parallel) to edge sites; for in_series default the availability target to Tier III equivalent and require redundant UPS/cooling (N+1 or 2N) plus maintenance bypass.
Inform Elektronik 2025
Keep module size, frame maximum, maximum parallel frames, output PF, online and eco efficiency, IEC 62040-3 class, overload curve points, THDi, altitude limit and battery string voltage options as UPS catalog fields.
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