The engineer’s reference desk
193–216 / 1,044 sources
Danfoss 2026
In the cooling-plant builder keep a component list per subsystem (chiller, CDU, pump skid, heat recovery) with fields for maximum chilled-water temperature, HX approach temperature and VFD THDi.
Eaton 2013
Allow UPS placement in the white space with an airflow-pattern attribute (front-to-back, front-to-top) and count its heat release in the hall cooling load.
Legrand 2022
Give UPS records an architecture enum {conventional, modular, scalable_modular}, module rating, maximum parallel units, MTTR hours and a hot-swap flag; store efficiency at 25/50/75/100% load, not one number.
ABB 2022
Use it as a template for a '2N LV, 0.5 MW' starter project, auto-generating the RPDU, RPP, secondary board, UPS, main board and transformer/generator chain from rack count and kW/rack.
Teksan 2020
Compare the generator start-plus-transfer time with UPS autonomy and show the margin in the design file.
Danfoss 2024
Report PUE, WUE and CUE together in the sustainability module.
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ENERGY STAR) 2026
In the cost model, attach utility incentive data (rebates) to measures such as efficient UPS, containment and economizers.
Open Compute Project Foundation 2023
A heat-reuse module should report recoverable heat (kW) and its temperature band by cooling technology (air, RDHx, DLC/immersion) and suggest compatible heat-host categories.
Uptime Institute Journal 2019
Support generator-less or reduced-generator options in the design wizard (fuel cell, long-duration BESS) with explicit autonomy-hours calculation and load-shed tiers.
7x24 Exchange Magazine 2025
Add a floor design load field (default 400 psf / about 19 kPa for white space) and check rack and liquid-cooling weight against it.
Socomec 2024
In the single-line editor, tag transfer devices as ATSE (IEC 60947-6-1) or STS with a transfer-time field, and suggest STS where the load needs under about 10 ms.
Turner & Townsend 2025
Seed the cost module with regional US$/W benchmarks by market and year, with an AI/liquid-cooled premium factor (7-10% default for the US).
Turner & Townsend 2026
In the cost module, provide a country and city $/W construction rate table and state the edition year.
Arup (Arup Foresight) 2025
Report both market-based and location-based carbon (hourly grid intensity) for a design.
Arup (Arup Foresight) 2025
Show WUE (L/kWh) next to PUE for every heat-rejection option.
npj Clean Water (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2021
In cooling selection, add the roughly 25.5 million litres per year per MW of evaporative cooling water need and the potable share (57-65%) to the siting and water supply decision.
Energy Efficiency (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2019
In waste-heat sales, set outlet temperature by cooling technology (air 25-35 °C, liquid up to 60 °C, two-phase up to 90 °C) and check heat-pump requirement against the district-heating generation (45-55 °C for 4G).
Arup 2026
Add a heat-recovery block to the cooling design: recoverable heat (kW, % of IT load), supply/return temperatures and optional heat-pump lift.
AECOM 2014
Provide a PUE build-up chart by subsystem (chillers, fans, pumps, UPS, lighting, transformers) for existing-site audits.
arXiv (University of South Carolina) 2026
In data-centre generator load-transfer and retransfer sequencing, size load steps against generator voltage and frequency limits, and split steps whose prediction band crosses a limit into smaller steps.
Uptime Institute Journal 2021
Require VESDA in white space and electrical rooms.
IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 2024
For UPS battery arc-flash checks at 380-1000 VDC, expect incident energy to rise sharply with voltage and arc duration above roughly 500-800 V.
Turner & Townsend 2024
In APAC site screening, weight power availability heavily.
Caterpillar 2014
Store per rating the kW, average-load-factor limit, annual-hour limit, overload allowance and a utility-paralleling-permitted flag.
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