The engineer’s reference desk
649–672 / 1,044 sources
ABB 2008
Model each protective device with Icu, Icw, I1/I2/I3 settings and t2 curve type so the tool can evaluate selectivity pairs.
ABB 2008
Default transformer impedance from the IEC 60076-5 table when the user leaves vk blank.
ABB 2006
Keep the earthing system as a project setting {TN-S, TN-C-S, TT, IT}.
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 2022
When combining data-centre cooling and heat recovery for district heating in one heat-pump system, select the refrigerant among low-GWP alternatives with COP, PUE, ERF and payback together.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2021
Evaluate an absorption chiller driven by roughly 70 °C water from liquid-cooled racks to cut compression chiller load; calculate the hybrid saving from the two COPs with the closed-form formula.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2026
Evaluate magnetic-bearing chiller investment by climate: payback was 5.8 years in a hot climate relying more on mechanical cooling, 36.6 years in a cold climate dominated by free cooling.
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Türkiye Elektrik Dağıtım A.Ş. (TEDAŞ) 2020
When placing a prefabricated substation, apply the IP 68 cable-entry and internal-arc layout rules (rear clearance of 100 mm or less, or closed).
Türkiye Elektrik Dağıtım A.Ş. (TEDAŞ) 2006
In site layout, offer a compact kiosk substation block (footprint, IP 23D, ventilation) as an option for edge and small sites.
Türkiye Elektrik Dağıtım A.Ş. (TEDAŞ) 2015
In MV cable sizing (TR profile), use the 90 C continuous and 250 C short-circuit limits for XLPE in the adiabatic short-circuit check.
Türkiye Elektrik Dağıtım A.Ş. (TEDAŞ) 2017
In the transformer catalogue (TR profile), preload hermetic transformer loss data (P0, Pk) by kVA from this specification as defaults.
Teksan 2025
Add DCP to the rating-class field of the generator catalogue and set 'utility parallel allowed' to false for it.
TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası (MMO) 2025
In the fire-suppression catalog, store agent type, GWP, NOAEL/LOAEL, design concentration, safety factor and discharge time per standard.
Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE (Energy Research and Cleantech); preprint on arXiv 2025
Add an IT-side penalty of about 0.3-0.6% of IT power per C of inlet rise above about 23 C (a configurable default) to the setpoint optimiser and energy calculator, and model fan power with the cube of speed.
Schneider Electric 2015
Set density warnings by air-distribution type: uncontained flooded return above 3 kW/rack average, uncontained raised floor above 3-6 kW/rack, fan-assisted retrofit ceiling 8 kW/rack, HACS/RACS pods up to 60 kW/rack.
Vertiv 2023
For edge and closet designs, default the single-phase UPS battery to Li-ion where room temperature is uncontrolled, and show replacement cycles in lifecycle cost (VRLA 3-5 y, Li-ion 8-10 y).
Data Center Frontier (Black & Veatch contributed article) 2024
Offer a substation object with a configuration field (radial, main-tie-main, ring bus, breaker-and-a-half, double-bus double-breaker) and an insulation type field (AIS, GIS), with footprint and cost multipliers.
Patterns (Elsevier BV) 2025
Use location-specific grid water-intensity factors (L/kWh), not a national average, when calculating indirect water.
Schneider Electric 2020
Model each white-space zone with supplyMode and returnMode enums (flooded, targeted, contained).
ACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review (Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)) 2023
In the storage catalogue, store embodied carbon per drive SKU: a default of 0.16 kgCO2e/GB for SSD (Tannu and Nair SEF) and a much lower HDD default.
ABB 2014
Give the UPS catalog an architecture field {monolithic, CPA modular, DPA modular}, module kW, modules per frame, maximum frames in parallel and per-module static bypass (yes/no).
Sustainability (MDPI AG) 2023
Treat an airside economiser as a strong option in moderate climates (Stockholm 86%, San Francisco 76%); in Dubai and Singapore energy can rise (+2% and +4%).
Environmental Research Letters (IOP Publishing) 2021
In data-centre siting, assess the water scarcity footprint (m³ US-eq/MWh) and carbon intensity together with volumetric water intensity; they vary from 0.5 to 305 m³ US-eq/MWh by location.
Data Center Knowledge 2014
Add maintainability checks: service clearances on the access side of each unit.
Energy Efficient HPC Working Group / U.S. DOE FEMP 2018
Give liquid-cooling components in the catalogue wetted-material lists, and flag aluminium or zinc on a loop with copper cold plates.
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