The engineer’s reference desk
673–696 / 1,044 sources
arXiv preprint 2026
For EU projects, add an EED compliance module that flags facilities of 500 kW and above as reportable.
BICSI ICT Today 2026
Catalogue GPU cabinets with depth and 'rearAccess' flags and require front patching zones.
Upsite Technologies blog 2025
Expose server ASHRAE class as a project-level design input that drives economizer hours, chiller sizing and redundancy credit.
National Institute of Standards and Technology 2024
Create separate Organizational Profiles for a facility's IT, OT and building management systems (for example electrical and cooling SCADA/BMS) and state each Profile's scope.
Schneider Electric 2011
Give each UPS a mainsConfig (single mains, dual mains, no bypass), an inverter-transformer flag and a per-input earthing system (TN-S, TN-C, TT, IT).
Schneider Electric 2011
Encode the seven IEEE 1159 categories as a list used in risk registers and mitigation pickers.
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Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (ACM) 2024
Keep embodied-carbon amortisation (TE x T/EL) in procurement, refresh and design-option comparisons, and use operational carbon only for runtime placement and scheduling recommendations.
Schneider Electric 2012
Require design criteria (tier, density, capacity) to be derived from stated business goals before site and space tools are used.
Schneider Electric 2016
When the user raises the inlet setpoint, include server fan power and airflow increase (flat/low/moderate/high CFM-vs-inlet curve) and CRAH fan and count changes; warn when PUE improves but total energy rises.
arXiv preprint (University of Alberta) 2024
Define AI load not only by energy but by peak/average (about 1 in training), peak/idle ratio and ramp/decline rates; make sub-second dynamics inputs for UPS, generator and grid-connection studies.
Schneider Electric 2017
Add passive and active ducted racks and ducted HACS to the containment selector, with density limits tied to a ceiling plenum vacuum input (default 0.03 inH2O / 7.5 Pa, warning above 0.06 inH2O / 15 Pa).
Sustainability (MDPI AG) 2015
Compare HVAC options not only by on-site water use but by total water footprint including the grid's water intensity (WUEsource); the ranking can flip with the grid.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling (Elsevier) 2025
In the water module, report both on-site WUE and grid (source) water using regional factors.
Buildings (MDPI AG) 2026
In a design tool, set CFD accuracy expectations from this review's ranges (0.1-4 °C absolute, relative mostly below 20%) and do not limit validation scope to temperature; ask for velocity and pressure too.
ASHRAE 2021
Primary reference for the thermal-class data used by the rule engine; record the edition (5th) per project.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2017
For paralleled modules in a modular UPS, do not look only at the N+1 redundancy count; add to the design check that module-to-module filter and control parameter differences cause circulating current and thermal imbalance.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2023
In preliminary cooling selection, make climate (humidity, haze/dust) and the free-cooling switchover point decisive inputs; direct airside economisers may be unsuitable in haze- and dust-prone regions.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2019
Calculate the permissible time for a cooling outage with a pipe-volume energy balance and set the backup-cooling start time accordingly (here 300 s); high-temperature, contained designs give less time.
Energies (MDPI AG) 2025
When evaluating turning liquid-cooled data-centre waste heat into electricity, weigh RTE (76-83%) against specific cost (767-1125 USD/kWh); higher RTE can come with a cost increase.
Schneider Electric 2020
Add an environmentClass (it_space, commercial_office, industrial_harsh) plus indoor/outdoor flag that drives defaults and checks.
Uptime Institute 2010
Avoid labelling designs by N-count; run a path-based concurrent-maintainability analysis in Tier advisory tools.
arXiv preprint (University of Alberta) 2026
In large-load interconnection negotiation, present AI load flexibility (a deferral window of up to about 3 hours) as a lever for interconnection capacity and timing; returns diminish beyond 3 hours.
Huawei Digital Power 2024
For lithium BESS/UPS rooms, require detection and segregation sized for a 30-60 s runaway escalation.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ENERGY STAR) 2023
Make a blanking-panel and gap-filler check a required step in colocation cage and rack layouts, and flag unused rack units.
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